Traditional Asia Quiz #2
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204 Terms
Who was Qin Shi Huangdi?
Chinas first emperor (original name Ying Zheng)
When did Qin Shi Huangdi live?
260-210 BCE
When did Qin Shi Huangdi become king of Qin?
at age 13
When did Qin Shi Huangdi unify China?
221 BC
Why is 221 BCE important?
Marks the beginning of first unified Chinese empire
What did Qin Shi Huangdi do to feudalism
he abolished it
what replaced feuadalism in Qin Shi Huangdis time
A centralized imperial system
what is a centralized imperial governement
the emperor hold most of the power and controls local officials
how long did the imperial system Qin Shi Huangdi created last?
Until about 1911 (2,100 years)
Why did Qin Shi Huangdi standardize China?
to strengthen and unify the empire
what did Qin Shi Huangdi standardize?
Weight, measure, currency, size of the road, legal system, and written language
why was standardization important
It made trade and governing easier
What were some of Qin Shi Huangdi’s construction projects?
transportation systems, irrigation systems, the Great wall
why was the great wall expanded?
to defend against northern nomads
did Qin Shi Huangdi build the whole great wall?
no, he connected earlier walls
What was the A-Fang Palace
A massive palace showing emperors power
what is Qin Shi Huangdi tomb known for?
The Terracotta Army
why was the Terrocatta Army built?
to protect the emperor in afterlife
What philosophy guided Qin Shi Huangdi
Legalism
Why was Qin Shi Huangdi ocnsidered ruthless
he used harsh punishment and forced labor
what was Qin Shi Huangdi obsessed with?
living forever
What is an elixir
A substance believed to grant immortality
Who was Xu Fu
An official sent to find the elixir of life
why is Xu Fu connected to Japan?
legend says he and 1000 sailed there and never returned
When did Qin Shi Huangdi die?
210 BCE
What may have caused his death?
Mercury pills taken to gain immortality
What is the Pattern of China’s dynastic cycle?
A able leader claims the “Mandate of Heaven” and founds a new dynasty
a period of stability and prosperity
land concentration and concentration of government
increasing impoverishment of the people
peasant rebellion and alien invasion
collapse of the Dynasty and civil war
What was the Silk Road?
a network of trade routes connecting China to Central Asia and beyond
During which dynasty did the silk road begin?
Han Dynasty
Where did the silk road begin?
Chang’an (todays Xi’an)
where did the silk road go?
from Chang’an to Central Asia
What goods did China export on the silk road?
silk, porcelian, paper and tea
What goods came into China on the silk Road?
Horses, glass, precious stones, and new ideas
why is the silk road important?
it spread ideas, religion, cultures, and technologies
Which major religion entered China through the silk road?
Buddhism
What was the tributary system?
A china’s sytem mfor managing relations with neighboring countries
How does the Tributary System work?
Other countries sent tribute and recognized China’s superiority in exchange for trade and protection
what is the tribute?
gifts or payments to show respect
When did the Tributary System Begin?
During the Han Dynasty
How long did the Tributary system last?
Until modern times
Who was Sima Qian
China’s greatest historian
What famous book did Sima Qian write?
The Historical Records (Shiji)
What does Shiji mean?
Historical Records
why is Shiji important?
It became the model for all later chinese historians
what did shiji record?
the history of china and much of the known world
why is Sima Qian Called China’s greatest historian
he wrote the first comprehensive history of China
Who invented paper?
Cai Lun
Around what year was paper invented?
around AD 100 (Han dynasty)
what continued after Shiji?
From Han to 1911 every period has been recorded in series known as Standard histories
What was the significance of Shiji?
It was a masterpeice of Chinese literature
Who founded buddhism?
Sakyamuni, AKA Siddhartha Guatama
What does “Sakyamuni” mean?
“Sage of the Shakyas”
What does “Siddhartha Gautama” mean?
“Descendant of Gotama”
When did the Buddha live?
Around 563-483 BCE
Where was Buddha born?
In the Himalayan foothills present day Nepal.
What was the Buddha’s family background?
he was the son of a petty king (small ruler)
Did Siddhartha have a family?
Yes married and a son
What happened when Siddhartha was 29?
He left home and family to search for the meaning of suffering and life
Why did Siddartha leave his palace?
He saw suffering- old age, sickeness, and death- and wanted to understand
What happened to SIddhartha at age 35?
he meditated under a Bodhi Tree and become Buddha ( “the enlightened one”
What does “buddha” mean
“the enlightened one”
What is enlightenment?
A state of perfect understanding of suffering and how to escape it
What age did Buddha die?
80 years olf
Why is the Buddha’s body important in Buddhism
His remains are one of the most sacred relics in Buddhist tradition
What is the timeline of Buddha’s life?
Prince > Marries and had son > Left home at 29 > Enlightened at 35 > Taught Buddhism > Died at 80
Who was Emperor Asoka
An emperor of the Maurya Dynasty in India who helped spread Buddhism
When did Emperor Asoka live?
About 304-232 BCE
What is a famous quote associated with emperor Asoka?
“ There is only one God, wise people know him by many names”
What are the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism?
life is filled with pain, sorrow, frustration, impermanence, and dissatisfaction
all this is caused by desire, by wanting, by the urge for existence
to end suffering and sorrow, one must end desire
Desire lessness can be gained by the eightfold path of “right conduct”
east way to remeber the four noble truths?
life hurts
desire causes it
stop desire
follow the eightfold path to do so
What is reincarnation
The endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth
Why do people keep reincarnating?
Becuase they have not yet achieved enlightenment
What is Karma?
The sum of a person’s good and bad actions
Why is karma important
is affect persons future rebirths
What is nirvana
The end of suffering and the end of the cycle of rebirth
What happens when someone reaches nirvana?
They no longer reborn and have escaped suffering
What is Dharma in Buddhism?
the teachings and discipline for living good and moral life (good monks)
What does Dharma mean in Hinduism?
The selfless performance of one’s earthly duties
What is the principle of non-violence?
Avoid harming living things (central to Buddhist teachings)
What are the two types of Buddhism?
Hinayana (theravada) Buddhism (“the lesser vehicle”) and Mahayana Buddhism (“the greater vehicle”)
What does “Mahayana” mean?
“greater vehicle”
Why is Mahayan called the “greater vehicle”
Because it aims to carry everyone to salvation not just the monks
When did the Mahayana Buddhism develop?
Around AD 100-200
Where did Mahayana Buddhism develop?
India
How did Mahayana Buddhism change the view of the Buddha?
The Buddha became a supernatural, god-like figure
How was the Buddha viewed in early Buddhism?
As an enlightened teacher and human being.
How was the Buddha viewed in Mahayana Buddhism?
As a divine and supernatural being
What is a bodhisattva?
A holy being who delays entering nirvana in order to help other
Why do bodhisattvas stay out of nirvana?
To guide other people toward enlightenment.
What reward can followers receive from a bodhisattva?
Temporary relief from suffering
Who is O-mi-t’o-fu
The chinese name for Amida Buddha
Who is Amida Buddha
A popluar buddha believed to help people achieve salvation
how do followers worship Amida Buddha
by chanting his name
Who is Kuan-yin?
The Goddess of Mercy in Chinese Buddhism
What is Kuan-yin called in Japan?
Kannon
What does Kuan-yin mean?
“Sound observer”
Why do people pray to Kuan-yin?
to help with problems in this world
What did the spread of Mahayan Buddhism look like?
India > Central Asia > China > Korea > Japan
what was Kuan-yin prayed to about
help in the present worlds rather then being released from it.
Where did Mahayana Buddhism Begin
India