Oregon State Board Practice Exam: Nail Technology

water content of nails

15-25%

full replacement of toenails takes how long?

9-12 months

full replacement of fingernails takes how long?

4-6 months

agnail

another name for hangnail

leukonychia

whitish discoloration or white spots caused by minor injury to the nail matrix

melanocytes

pigment cells

onychorrhexis

split & brittle nails with a series of lengthwise ridges and rough appearance: can be caused by excessive use of cuticle removers

splinter hemorrhages are where

positioned lengthwise in direction of growth

onycholysis

lifting of the nail plate from the nail bed without shedding; can be caused by an allergic reaction of nail bed

a standard manicure table

36-48" long and 16-21" wide

latex gloves

may shred when used to apply certain types of lotion

trash can with self closing lid

one of the best ways to prevent odor & vapor

metal pusher

should not be used to push the eponychium; only used to scrape cuticle from nail plate

nail polish brushes

are exempt from the single-use rule

reusing implements without properly cleaning & disinfecting

illegal in all states

appearance of nails

can reflect the general health of the body

keratin in nails

harder than keratin in skin or hair

nail beds need

oxygen, vitamins, & minerals

toenail matrix

longer than fingernail matrix

plicatured nails

also called a "folded nail" and indicated by a highly curved nail plate; can often lead to ingrown nails

clients with a fungal infection

can transmit the infection to another client if proper safety & sanitation is not followed

discoloration of nail plate

result of bacterial infection, not mold

nail psoriasis

tiny pitting or severe roughness on surface of nail plate; not an infectious disease

currently the fastest growing nail service

manicures & pedicures

spatula

used to prevent contamination when removing products from containers

oil & lotion

can penetrate the nail plate or skin & increase flexibility of natural nail

skin damage caused by the sun

90%

polishing

the last step in a manicure

who goes longer between services & may need more work done on their skin & nails?

men

paraffin wax heaters typically are at what temperature?

125-130 F

what was the fastest growing nail service in the 1990s

pedicures

nippers

used to trim tags of dead skin

blades

can cause infection: do not use to remove calluses

podiatrist

specialized doctor of the feet. send clients here if they have fungus

dominant foot

usually needs more soaking & attention

strong massage

avoid for clients with sensitive skin or who are prone to redness

wrap material

gives the system its unique properties

hold the nail tip ______ until the adhesive has dried

5-10 seconds

glass bowl filled with acetone

one method of removing nail enhancements

liquid & powder enhancements

lucrative services

catalyst

added to monomer liquid to control curing time

acid based nail primer

corrosive to skin & potentially dangerous to eyes

hand sanitizer

cannot take the place of proper hand washing

primer and liquid storage

must be stored separately in a cool dark area

UV gel ingredients

from the same family as monomer liquid & polymer powder

oligomers

between a solid and liquid

viscosity

measures the thickness or thinness of a liquid

wattage

measures how much electricity a UV lamp consumes

integumentary system

includes the nails

nail flexibility

directly affected by water content

nail plate

most visible and functional part of the nail

how many cell layers in a nail plate

100

free edge

extends over tip of finger or toe

nail bed

portion of living skin that supports the nail plate

bed epithelium

thin layer of tissue that attaches nail plate to nail bed

matrix

where nail plate cells are formed

cuticle

dead colorless tissue attached to natural nail plate

eponychium

living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area

hyponychium

slightly thickened layer of skin between fingertip and free edge

ligament

tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or hold an organ in place

the shape of the nail is determined by

the shape of the matrix

1/10 of an inch

how fast nails grow in a month

the surface of a healthy nail should appear

smooth and unspotted

physician

refer a client to this person when their nails are infected

bruised nails

condition in which blood clots form under the nail plate

eggshell nails

noticeably thin white plate and more flexible than normal nails

Beau's lines

visible depression running across the width of the nail plate; caused by major illness or injury

infection

indicated by redness pain or swelling

melanonychia

dark band within the nail plate due to increased pigmentation; runs from base to free edge

uneven growth & age

cause vertical ridges in the nail plate

fungi

parasites that can cause infection to feet and hands under certain conditions

yellow-green spot

an early sign of bacterial infection on the nail plate

pseudomonas aeruginosa

naturally occurring skin bacterium that can grow out of control & cause nail infections

onychosis

any deformity or disease of the nails in general

onychia

inflammation of nail matrix followed by shredding of nail plate

onychomadesis

separation & falling off of a nail plate; can be traced to a local infection

tinea pedis

medical term for athlete's foot

if you draw blood during a manicure, the implement must be

cleaned and disinfected

implements must be __________ in disinfectant as required by the EPA

completely immersed

tongs

used to remove the implements from the solution

items must be _________ before placing in disinfectant

thoroughly cleansed

always file nails from

sides to center

wooden pushers

single use items and must be disposed of after every client

low grit on nail files

more abrasive

how to bevel a nail

hold a medium grit abrasive board at a 45 angle

airtight containers

create the perfect environment for pathogens to grow

two-way buffer

shaped like a 2 sided nail file with 1 or 2 grits and a final shine surface

non-acetone polish remover

recommended when removing polish from nail enhancements

base coat

colorless polish layer applied to natural nail to improve adhesion of polish

methylene glycol

ingredient in nail hardener that is useful for thin, weak nail plates and should never be applied to hard, rigid or brittle nails

top coat

polish applied to prevent chipping and give the nails a glossy finish

Material Safety Data Sheets

contain product information on safe handling, first aid, and proper storage

square

nails that are straight across with no rounding at the edges

round

nails that are slightly tapered & extend just past the fingertip

effleurage

relaxing massage movement that should be perfected, varied, & expertly used during the manicure; the massage technique used most often during the pedicure

exfoliation

included with relaxing massage in a spa manicure

seeds, wood, & plant resin

all sources for essential oils

paraffin

a petroleum by-product that has excellent sealing properties to hold moisture in the skin

benefits of a paraffin bath

stimulation of circulation, reduction of inflammation, deep penetration of lotions

effective toenail clippers

have jaws with a fine point