Anatomy Final

I'm fucked its in 9 hrs

Resting Membrane Potential

Beginning: Na ions enter, k ions exit

Threshold

Voltage required for AP to fire (-55)

Action Potential

Ascend: Depolarization begin. K exit, Na enter

Overshoot

Climax: Cell is too positive, more Na than K

Repolarization

Descend: Na out, K in to correct

Undershoot

Dip: Too much Na has exited, cell is too negative

Absolute Refractory Period

Another AP cannot fire

Relative Refractory Period

Another AP can fire, but not as strong

Olfactory

CNI - taste and smell

Optic

CNII - Vision

Oculomotor

CNIII - Adjust eye position

Trochlear

CNIV - Relay motor innervation to superior oblique

Trigeminal

CNV - Facial sensation, mastication

Abducens

CNVI - Controls peripheral vision

Facial

VII - motor innervation for face

Vestibulocochlear

VIII - hearing and balance

Glossopharyngeal

CNIX - swallowing, taste, vp port closure

Vagus

CNX - muscles in pharynx, larynx, etc.

Spinal Accessory

CNXI - rotation of head

Hypoglossal

CNXII - innervation of tongue, swallowing

Power

Lungs

Source

Vocal folds

Filter

Vocal tract

Change pitch

Change tension, thickness, length

Change loudness

Change air pressure

Change quality

Change articulators and resonance

Tensor veli palantini

Elevator

Levator veli palantini

Elevator

Musculus uvulae

Elevator

Palato glossus

Elevator, depressor

Palato pharyngeus

elevator, depressor

Alveoli are

responsible for gas exchange

Min. subglottal air pressure for conversation

3-5cm of H2O

Min. subglottal air pressure for phonation

7-10cm of H2O

Boyles Law

As volume decreases, pressure increases

Bernoulli Effect

As speed increases, pressure decreases

What brings vocal folds together?

LCA, TA, IA

Feedback

Uses sensory info to detect errors

Feedforward

Send preplanned motor commands to articulators

Monitoring + Adjustments

Monitor for errors and adjust articulator movement based on errors

Oral Prep Phase

Chewing

Oral Phase

Move to back of the tongue -SUPERIOR PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR

Pharyngeal Phase

Hyolaryngeal complex elevates

Esophageal phase

Peristalsis moves food inferiorly

Where is CHECKING on relaxation pressure curve?

Top

Where is FORCED ABDOMINAL EXPIRATION on relaxation pressure curve?

Bottom

describe inspiration dongus

Breath at 37% vital capacity; lift pectoral girdle to increase volume in lungs

As you speak, what happens to alveolar pressure?

You lose it

Too lazy to implement Capacity chart, so think long and hard about it

Okay (i promise)