Molecular Markers and DNA Fingerprinting

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to molecular markers and DNA fingerprinting, including techniques, definitions, and applications in genetics and forensics.

Extraction

The process of obtaining DNA samples from biological materials.

Restriction Enzymes

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, used in genetic analysis.

Electrophoresis

A technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size.

DNA fingerprinting

A method of analyzing DNA to identify individuals based on unique patterns.

Molecular Markers

Identifiable DNA sequences that can distinguish between individuals or species.

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)

Variations at a single nucleotide position in DNA among individuals.

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)

Variations in DNA fragment lengths resulting from restriction enzyme digestion.

Microsatellites

Short, repeated sequences of DNA that vary in length between individuals.

Parentage Testing

A genetic test to determine the biological parent of an individual.

Forensics

The application of science to solve crimes, often through DNA analysis.

Epidemiology

The study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an individual, often referring to specific alleles.

Linkage Analysis

A genetic method that maps the location of genes based on recombination rates.

Allele Frequency

How often an allele appears in a population.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

A principle that describes the genetic variation in a population that is not evolving.

Gene Therapy

A medical intervention that involves modifying genes to treat diseases.

Viral Vectors

Genetically modified viruses used to deliver genetic material into cells.

Liposomes

Lipid-based vesicles used to transport DNA into cells.

SCID

Severe Combined Immune Deficiency, a genetic disorder affecting the immune system.