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What type of reactions do alkenes typically undergo?
Addition reactions.
What is hydrogenation?
The addition of hydrogen to an alkene, forming an alkane.
What are the conditions for hydrogenation of alkenes?
A nickel catalyst and a temperature of around 150°C.
What happens when alkenes react with halogens?
They form dihaloalkanes.
Write the reaction of ethene with bromine.
C2H4+Br2→C2H4Br2.
What is the product when an alkene reacts with steam?
An alcohol is formed.
What are the conditions for the hydration of alkenes?
High temperature, high pressure, and a phosphoric acid catalyst.
Why are addition reactions important in industrial chemistry?
They are used to produce valuable products like alcohols and polymers.
What is a polymer?
A large molecule made by joining many smaller molecules (monomers) through polymerization.
How does ethene react with water in a hydration reaction?
C2H4+H2O→C2H5OH (ethanol).
How can the reactivity of alkenes be demonstrated?
By reacting them with bromine water, which they decolorize due to the addition reaction.
What happens when alkenes combust in air?
They produce carbon dioxide, water, and often carbon monoxide or soot due to incomplete combustion.
Why do alkenes react with electrophiles?
The double bond is electron-rich, making it attract electrophiles.
What type of reaction occurs when alkenes react with halogens in the presence of UV light?
A substitution reaction.
What is the major use of hydration reactions in industry?
To produce alcohols, such as ethanol, for fuels and solvents.
