cellular adaptation

A) Normal endometrium

myometrium

endometrium:

stratum basalis

stratum functionalis

gland with stroma

crowded, irregular, high numerous glands

little stroma (adenocarcinoma)

hyperplasia ( increase number of cells »»» thickned endometrium )

other pathological examples?

endometrial/lymphoid hyper plasia

A) Normal heart

A) Normal heart

A) Normal heart

heart is thickened due to long standing hypertension

increase size

narrow lumen

hyper trophy

physiological examples:

cardiac/skeletal muscle hypertrophy

pathological examples:

leftr ventricular/ urinary bladder hypertrophy

heart is thickened due to long standing hypertension

increase size

narrow lumen

hyper trophy

physiological examples:

cardiac/skeletal muscle hypertrophy

pathological examples:

leftr ventricular/ urinary bladder hypertrophy

A) Normal esophagus

salmon colored replace normal pale

non keratinized squamous replaced by intestinal columnar

intestinal metaplasia

may cause adenocarcinoma

another example:

bronchus in smokers from columner to squamous ( squamous metaplasia _

salmon colored replace normal pale

squamous replaced by intestinal columnar

intestinal metaplasia

normal gastric

round nuclei and in multiple places

dysplasia

less defrentiation of cytoplasm

large hyper chromatic nuclei

loss of normal architecture

increase mitotic figures

may lead to adinocarcinoma