APLIT FLASHCARDS II

101-200

antithesis

a figure of speech in which words or phrases that chiasmusare parallel in order and syntax express opposite or contrasting meanings

chiasmus

a figure in speech in which two successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax, but reverse the order of analogous words, sentences reflect

rhetorical strategy

a loose term for techniques that help enhance a literary work

diction

the word choice and phrasing in a literary work

formal language

eloquent use of the English language, complex grammar and longer sentences

colloquial language

slang/casual terms not normally used in literature; informal

abstract language

intangible qualities, ideas, or concepts

concrete language

tangible characteristics in the real world, literal and descriptive

poetic diction

phrasing and vocabulary that are characteristics of poetry, style of poets

allusions

a passing reference in a work of literature to another literary or historical work, figure, event, etc

parody

a humorous rendition of a specific writer, artist, or person with exaggerations for comedic effect

analogy

a comparison between two things for an explanatory purpose

imagery

a visual description of an object or scene, particularly detailed or vivid

symbol

an object, action, or event that represents something or creates a range of associations, beyond itself

atmosphere

the environment and tone of a story that usually foreshadows an event

repitition

repeating sounds, words, phrasing, or concepts used in literary works to create unity and emphasis

selection and order of details

the deliberate choices that create a story

epiphany

a sudden overwhelming insight or revelation evoked by an object or scene

narration

the act of telling a story, whether in prose or in verse, and how this storytelling is accomplished

narrator

the voice of a literary work, the one who tells the story

voice

the writing of the author that evokes judgements in the reader

point of view

the pronouns that the narrator uses to recount events

first person

the story is told from the perspective of a character; I, me, my pronouns

third person

the narrator is not a character in the story, outsider perspective

omniscient third-person

the outside narrator can enter the consciousness of any character

third-perspective limited

the outside narrator describes events only from the perspective and with the understanding of one or a few characters

objective narrator

a third-person narrator whose presence is merely implied

stream of conciousness

replicates the thought process of a character with little to no intervention by the narrator

second-person

the narrator addresses the audience using the pronoun “You”

characterization

the techniques by which an author of a work represents the moral, intellectual, and emotional natures of the characters

flat character/two-dimensional character

simple and limited, more of a type than an individual and stays the same throughout the work

round/three-dimensional character

multifaceted and subject to change and growth, more similar to an actual human being

showing

simply presenting the characters’ words and actions without commentary, dramatization implies motives

telling

the author describes and comments on the characters’ motives and values

protagonist

the main character in a work of drama, fiction, or narrative poetry

hero/heroine

main characters of a story with nobility, dignity, and elevated status

antihero

a main character who is inept and lacking in heroic qualities

antagonist

the character that opposes the protagonists goals and interests

villain

antagonist with more corrupt and evil intentions/values

foil

a character which contrasts the protagonist in ways that bring out certain emotional, intellectual, or moral qualities

dialogue

the presentation of what characters in a literary work say

verisimilitude

“similar to the truth”, making fiction seem realistic

speech headings

descriptions of characters vocal tones or gestures as they speak a line

stage directions

entrances, exists, sound effects; directions of what is occuring in the scene

direct discourse

speech made directly from the character to the reciever

indirect discourse

writer summarizes what the characters’ were saying without directly quoting

repartee

a rapid-fire exchange of witty remarks in which each speaker tries to score against an opponent

soliloquy

a monologue delivered by a character who is alone on stage

aside

a speech that is only heard by the audience or addressed privately to another character onstage

setting

the time and place in which the events of a work of fiction, drama, or narrative poetry occur

theme

the central idea that a literary work conveys; an abstract concept that recurs in many works of literature

tone

the attitude that a literary speaker expresses towards his or her subject matter and audience

structure

the basic framework, principles, and patterns of a literary work

story

the whole series of events and actions that have been involved told in their likely order

plot

shapes the material of a story, the order of events and actions that show causation; Chronological events

frame story

fictional or poetic narrative that encloses the main work

in media res

“in the middle of things”, narration begins at some later point in the plot

exposition

essential background information that allows the reader to understand the characters and events

flashback

dramatizaftion of scenes set earlier in the story

pace

tempo of the story; which parts are told and which are summarized

narrative pace

the speed of which the narrative story progresses, determined by the writer

unscene

a descriptive summary of an offstage episode

parenthetical observation

a brief interruption during which the character or narrator reflects on a minor point that seizes attraction

subplots

secondary stories that parallel or contrast with the main action

shifts in style

changes in tone; overall change in structure

syntax

sentence structure; the sequence and connection of the words, phrases, or clauses

sentence

contains a subject and a predicate

subject of sentence

the noun that performs the action of the verb

predicate of a sentence

the verb; what the subject does

independent clause

a sentence that can stand alone as a grammatical unit

dependent clause

a group of words that contains a subject & predicate but cannot stand alone as a grammatical unit

phrase

a group of words that lacks a subject/predicate/both, functions as a part of speech

simple subject

a noun or pronoun

complete subject

the simple subject plus the modifiers (a full sentence)

direct object

completes the predicate by indicating who or what receives the action expressed by the verb

indirect object

a noun/pronoun that indicates to whom or for whom an action is done (person recieving)

appositive

a noun/phrase that describes or equates with a nearby noun or pronoun

sentence fragment

a punctuated sentence that lacks either a subject, predicate, or both

simple sentence

consists of a single independent clause

compound sentence

contains more than one independent clause, but no subordinate clauses

coordinating conjunction

for, and, nor, or, but, yet, so

complex sentence

contains an independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses

subordinate clauses

a clause that forms part of and is dependent of the main clause

coordination

utlizing coordinating conjunctions and organization of sentence flow

coordinated clauses

two or more independent clauses conjoined by a conjunction; can stand alone as seperate sentences

subordination

linkage used in complex sentences; represents subordinate importance of the independent clause

parallelism

making the elements in a series comparable in a part of speech; structured repitition

parallel clause

two or more clauses in a sentence that have the same grammatical form, used to show similar ideas

loose/cumulative sentence

presents ideas in the order of subject-verb-object

periodic sentence

is not complete in sense or syntax until the end of the sentence

inversion

sents written in reverse order (Yoda)

prosody

a collective term that describes the technical aspects of a verse relating to rhythm, stress, and meter

meter

recurring pattern of sounds that gives poems written in verse their distinctive rhytms

quantitative meter

rhythm is determined by the length of syllables and not number of syllables

syllabic meter

rhythm is determined by the number of syllables

stress

the special emphasis on the given pronunciation of some syllables

accentual meter

the key feature is the number of syllables stressed and not the unstressed syllables

accentual-syllabic meter

counts both the number of syllables and the stressed syllables in a meter

iambic feet

unstressed syllabled followed by a stressed one

anapestic feet

two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed one