Unit 1 Vocab | AP Psychology

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Correlation Coefficient

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Test 1

23 Terms

1

Correlation Coefficient

a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1.00 to +1.00)

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2

Random Sample

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

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3

Dependent Variable

In an experiment, the outcome that is measured; the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated

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4

Double-Blind Procedure Experiment

an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies

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5

Introspection

the process of looking inward in an attempt to directly observe one's own psychological processes

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6

Naturalistic Observation

a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation

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7

Independent Variable

in an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

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8

Range

the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

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9

Descriptive Statistics

numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups; includes measures of central tendency and measures of variation

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10

Illusory Correlation

perceiving a relationship where non exists, or perceiving a stronger-than-actual relationship

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11

Inferential Statistics

numerical data that allow one to generalize- to infer from sample data the probability of something being true of a population

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12

Mean

the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores

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13

Normal Curve

(normal distribution) a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (about 68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer near the extremes

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14

Operational Definitions

a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in research study. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures

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15

Random Assignment

assigning participants by experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the different groups

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16

Psychology

the science of behavior and mental processes

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17

Confounding Variable

a factor other than the factor being studied that might influence a study's results

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18

Placebo Effect

experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent

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19

Case Study

a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in hopes of revealing universal principles

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20

Experimental Group

in an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable

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21

Median

the middle score in a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores

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22

Mode

the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution

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23

Population

all those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn (Note: except for national studies, this does not refer to a country's whole population)

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