Lab comp Q&A

What level of lumbar vertebra is “in line” with
the iliac crest?

In between L4-L5

What 3 bones make up the “pelvis”?

Ilium, ischium, pubis

What 2 muscles elevate the iliac crest (hike the
hip)?

Latissimus dorsi, quadratus lumborum

What muscle originates from the ASIS (2
possible answers)?

Sartorius, TFL

Name 2 muscles that have an action of anterior
pelvic tilting?

You could list any “layer” of the erector spinae in the L-spine (iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus lumborum, spinalis lumborum) or could also list latissimus dorsi

What pelvic bone (specifically) is the ASIS a
landmark on?

ilium

Name 2 muscles that have an action of posterior
pelvic tilting?

Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique

What pelvic bone (specifically) is the PSIS a
landmark on?

ilium

What hip ligament originates from the pubic
bone?

Pubofemoral ligament

Name at least 2 muscles that originate from the
pubis.

Pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, gracilis.

any adductor muscle EXECPT adductor magus

Name 3 muscle that originate on the ishial tuberosity?

Biceps Femoris, Semitendonosis, Semimembranosis, Adductor Magnus

What are the 3 ligaments that support the hip?

Pubofemoral, iliofemoral (Y ligament), ishiofemoral

The 6 lateral rotator group muscles all attach to
the greater trochanter – name 3 of them

Piriformis, obturator internus/externus, gamellus superior/inferior, quadratus femoris

What is the “top” of the patella called? The “bottom”?

top = superior pole

Bottom = inferior pole or apex

Name the 4 muscles that insert on the Tibial tubercle

“quads”… rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

What extra-capsular knee ligament supports the
medial side of the knee?

MCL (medial collateral ligament) aka tibial collateral ligament

What are the intra-capsular knee ligaments?

ACL & PCL

What extra-capsular knee ligament supports the
lateral side of the knee?

LCL – lateral collateral ligament – aka fibular collateral ligament

What kind of joint is the knee joint?

Functions like a hinge… actually is bi-condyloid (either answer ok)

What nerve passes around the Fibular head?

Common peroneal

Which hamstring inserts on the Fibular head

Biceps femoris

Several of the hip ADDuctors attach to the medial femoral epicondyle. Name at least 3 of the hip aDDuctor muscles.

pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor brevis and gracilis. NOT adductor magnus

The IT band passes near the lateral epicondyle of the femur. Name 2 muscles that insert into the IT band

TFL and gluteus maximus

Name 3 muscles (tendons) that cross/pass the medial malleolus.

Tom, Dick and Harry

tibialis anterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor halluces longus

Name at least 2 ligaments that attach to the medial malleolus?

tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, tibiotalar

What kind of joint is the midtarsal or transverse
tarsal joint?

gliding

What kind of joints are the tarsometatarsal
joints (TMT’s)?

gliding

Name 2 ligaments that have an attachment to
the lateral malleolus.

anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular,
calcaneofibular

Name the tarsal bones.

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, 1st /2nd /3rd cuneiforms

What bones make up the rearfoot?

Talus and calcaneous

What 2 muscles insert here via the achilles
tendon?

Gastrocnemius & soleus

What are the actions of the sartorius (4)?

hip flexion, hip abduction, hip external rotation, knee flexion

What is the nerve innervation to the sartorius

Femoral nerve

What is the nerve innervation to the quadriceps?

Femoral nerve

What are the actions of the TFL (3)

Hip flexion, hip abduction, hip internal rotation

What is the nerve innervation to the TFL?

Superior gluteal nerve

What are the actions of the ANTERIOR gluteus medius (3) ?

Hip flexion, hip internal rotation, hip abduction

What nerve innervates the Gluteus Medius

Superior gluteal nerve

What are the actions of the gluteus maximus (2) ?

Hip extension, hip external rotation

What nerve innervates the Gluteus Maximus?

Inferior gluteal nerve

Where does the iliopsoas originate?

iliac fossa and lumbar vertebral bodies

What is the action of the iliopsoas?

Hip flexion

What muscles (3) originate on the ishial tuberosity?

Hamstrings… biceps femoris, semitendonosis, semimembranosis

What are the actions of the Semitendonosis

Hip extension, knee flexion, hip internal rotation

What nerve innervates the Semitendonosis?

Sciatic nerve

What are the actions of the Biceps Femoris (3) ?

Hip extension, knee flexion, hip external rotation

What nerve innervates the Biceps Femoris?

sciatic

Where does the Gastrocnemius insert?

Calcaneus

What nerve innervates the Gastrocnemius

tibial nerve

What are the actions of the Gastrocnemius (2) ?

Knee flexion, ankle plantarflexion

What nerve innervates the Soleus

Tibial nerve

What nerve innervates the Tibialis Posterior

tibial nerve

What are the actions of the Tibialis Posterior (2) ?

Plantarflexion, ankle inversion

What are the actions of the Flexor Digitorum Longus (3) ?

Plantarflexion, inversion and toe flexion

What nerve innervates the Flexor Digitorum Longus

Tibial nerve

What are the actions of the Flexor Hallucis Longus (3) ?

Plantarflexion, inversion, great toe flexion

What nerve innervates the Peroneus Longus

Superficial peroneal nerve

Where does the Peroneus Longus insert?

1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

What is the action of the Peroneus Longus?

Ankle eversion

What are the actions of the Tibialis Anterior (2) ?

Ankle dorsiflexion & inversion

What nerve innervates the Tibialis Anterior

Deep peroneal nerve

What are the actions of the Extensor Digitorum Longus (2)

Ankle dorsiflexion and toe extension

What nerve innervates the Extensor Digitorum Longus

Deep peroneal nerve

What are the actions of the Extensor Hallucis Longus

Ankle dorsiflexion, great toe extension

name at least 3 muscles that insert on the external occupital protuberance (inion)

iliocostalis capitis, longissimus capitis, spinalis capitis, semispinalis capitis, splenius capitis, rectus capitis posterior or upper trapezius

What movements occur at the atlanto-occipital joint?

Head on neck flexion & extension (chin tuck and protraction)

What bone is the mastoid process a part of?

temporal

what muscle inserts on the mastoid process?

SCM (sternocleidomasoid)

What is unique about the transverse processes of the c-spine?

Has foramen for the vertebral artery (transverse foramen)

list 2 muscles that originate from the transverse process of cervical spine

scalenes, levator scapulae, multifidus/rotatores, erector spinae group in the cervicis region

What is unique about the spinous processes of the cervical spine?

C2-C5 are bifid

What kind of joint are the facet joints of the spine?

Gliding synovial joints

Where would you find the spinous process of T5

½ way between spinous process of T5 and spinous process T6

What muscle inserts on the 1st rib, having the “reverse” action of elevating the ribs during inspiration?

scalenes

From what foramen do the nerve roots exit?

Intervertebral foramen (aka “neural foramen”)

What would be the action occurring if you contracted your left SCM?

Left lateral flexion and right rotation

Where does the scalenes insert?

1st & 2nd ribs

What is the action of the scalenes

Neck lateral flexion, neck flexion or elevate ribs

What is the action of the rectus abdominis?

Trunk flexion & posterior pelvic tilt

What action would the left external oblique have?

Left sidebending, right rotation

What action would the left internal oblique have?

Left lateral flexion, left rotation

What are the 3 “layers” of this muscle group?

Iliocostalis (lateral)
Longissimus (middle)

Spinalis (medial)