375 exam 2

Respondeat superior

doctor is legally responsible for errors and omissions of staff members

what does ADRA stand for

advantages, disadvantages, risks, alternatives

what is ADRA good for in legal?

minimizes charting, yet fufills legal requirements

what are the 4 D’s of negligence and malpractice 

duty, dereliction, damage, direct causation 

res ipsa loquitur

the thing speaks for itself

contributory negligence

patient may have done something to contribute to their injury

Patient autonomy

rights of patient to make their own informed decisions about their medical care and receive patient records

nonmaleficence 

do no harm 

HIPAA

health insurance portability and accountability act

what was HIPAA intended for

intent in 1996 was to increase health insurance coverage and make delivery of healthcare services more efficient

what is protected health information

identifier + health information

intentional tort

committed intentional act to harm

unintentional tort 

unintentional harm and fail to exercise reasonable standard of care 

standard of care 

Use that degree of learning & skill ordinarily possessed by reputable, practicing dentists in the same or similar locale & under similar circumstances

what is the daily saliva production

2-4 cups

which gland is the largest

parotid gland

which gland produces the most saliva 

submandibular gland 

what immunoglobulin is found in saliva 

igA

saliva maintains a neutral pH of what

6.7-7.8

what is dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

what is dysgeusia

change in taste

what are 2 medications to increase saliva flow

pilocarpine (5 or 7.5mg), cevimeline (30mg)

what is sialorrhea 

excess salivation 

what is ptyalism

excessive flow of saliva

how can clinicians determine the level of oral dryness

the challacombe scale of clinical oral dryness

what is fear

reaction to a known or perceived threat or danger

What is phobia

Persistent, unrealistic and intense fear of a specific stimulus

How many adults in the us have dental anxiety

10-30%

How many % of medical emergencies in dental offices are due to stress and anxiety ?

75%

Healthy patients w/anxiety are classified as what?

Asa ps ll

What are 2 medications/drugs prescribed for stress and anxiety?

Valium (diazepam), lorazepam

What is used for soft tissue anesthetic, not injection?

Lidocaine+prilocaine, known as oraqix

What is the duration and onset for oraqix

Duration : 20 min

30 sec onset

5 carpules max per session

When is it safe to see pregnant patients?

At any stage

True or false: x-rays are safe during pregnancy

True

What is the position for a pregnant patient to be during procedure

Left lateral decubitus position

Seizures during pregnancy is known as what

Echampsia

When do spontaneous abortions occur?

First trimester

What is PRAM

Pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system

What is a pregnancy tumor that can affect the gingiva, typically resolves w/removal or normal hormones

Pyogenic granuloma

patient abandonment falls under which ethical principle?

nonmaleficence

what product should be recommended to a patient with Sjögren’s syndrome?

CHG rinse

what condition is a form of low blood pressure when standing after sitting or lying down? 

orthostatic hypotension 

what are seizures that last more than 5 minutes or more than 1 seizure withing a 5 minute period, without returning to a normal level of consciousness between episodes?

status epilepticus

what does BEFAST stand for

balance, eyes, face, arm, speech, time

what is status asthmaticus, also known as crashing asthmatic

life threatening asthma where breathing does not improve with use of inhaler 

what is type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by igE and is anaphylactic

type I

what type of hypersensitivity is mediated by T cells and is delayed 

type IV

what are the 5 principles of emergency management

position, airway, breathing, circulation, definitive therapy

when must medical history be updated?

at every visit

what is hypogeusia 

reduced ability to taste 

what is complete loss of ability to smell

anosmia 

what is reduced ability to smell 

hyposmia 

what is distorted odor perception 

parosmia 

what is clouding of lens of eye impairing vision

cataracts

what is breakdown of macula causing blurred or reduced central vision

macular degeneration

what is the condition when one side of the body is weakened, affects 8/10 stroke survivors

hemiparesis 

what is the group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, commonly due to hgihg pressure in the eye

glaucoma

what is a paralysis that affects 1 side of the body

hemiplegia

which specific medication, if taken during pregnancy, can result in intrinsic, endogenous staining of the babies teeth? 

tetracycline 

if a pregnant patient has high blood pressure, what condition should you be concerned about?

pre-eclampsia

what is the preferred pain reliever during pregnancy?

acetaminophen

true or false: hearing loss is associated with higher risk of dementia 

true