Chapter 19-20: World War I, The Roaring Twenties, and The Great Depression

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to World War I, the Roaring Twenties, and the Great Depression.

Liberal Internationalism

A foreign policy approach that advocates for free trade, international cooperation, and democracy.

Panama Canal Zone

A strip of land controlled by the U.S. crucial for global shipping, allowing ships to pass between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Roosevelt Corollary

An addition to the Monroe Doctrine stating the U.S. had the right to intervene in Latin American countries to maintain order.

Dollar Diplomacy

President Taft’s policy encouraging U.S. businesses to invest abroad to promote political stability.

Moral Imperialism

President Wilson's foreign policy aiming to spread American democratic values through moral principles.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, leading to a shift in U.S. public opinion toward WWI.

Fourteen Points

President Wilson's peace plan post-WWI aimed at establishing principles for peace and the League of Nations.

Selective Service Act

A 1917 law requiring young men to register for the military draft, leading to the American Expeditionary Force.

War Industries Board

A U.S. government agency that oversaw war materials production and industries' wartime efforts during WWI.

Eighteenth Amendment

The 1919 amendment that prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the U.S.

Espionage Act

A law criminalizing spying and obstructing the war effort during WWI.

Sedition Act

A 1918 law that expanded the Espionage Act to make it illegal to criticize the government or war effort.

Eugenics

A pseudoscience aimed at improving the human population through selective reproduction.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded to fight racial discrimination.

Great Migration

The mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to northern cities for better opportunities.

Tulsa Massacre

A 1921 violent attack by a white mob on the Black community of Greenwood in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Marcus Garvey

A Jamaican leader promoting Black nationalism and economic empowerment for Black people.

Red Scare of 1919-1920

A period of fear about communism in the U.S. following the Russian Revolution.

Versailles Treaty

The 1919 treaty ending WWI which imposed reparations on Germany and established the League of Nations.

League of Nations

An international organization created by the Versailles Treaty aimed at promoting peace.

Sacco-Vanzetti Case

The controversial 1921 trial of two Italian immigrants convicted of murder, reflecting anti-immigrant sentiments.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

A proposed amendment aimed at guaranteeing equal rights regardless of sex.

Flapper

A young woman in the 1920s embodying modernity; recognized for her liberated fashion and attitudes.

Adkins v. Children's Hospital

A 1923 Supreme Court case that struck down a minimum wage law for women.

Teapot Dome Scandal

A political scandal involving bribery in the leasing of federal oil reserves during Harding's administration.

Lost Generation

A group of American writers who were disillusioned by WWI and critiqued materialism in society.

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)

An organization founded to defend individual rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution.

Fundamentalism

A religious movement that promoted a literal interpretation of the Bible, opposing modernist views.

Scopes Trial

A 1925 court case about teaching evolution in schools; symbolized science vs. religion debates.

Illegal Alien

A person living in a country without legal authorization.

Indian Citizenship Act

A 1924 law granting U.S. citizenship to Native Americans.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement celebrating African American culture, art, and literature in the 1920s.

Wickersham Commission

A 1929 commission that concluded Prohibition had failed.

Great Depression

A severe economic downturn starting with the stock market crash of 1929 and lasting through the 1930s.

Stock Market Crash

The 1929 collapse of stock prices that marked the beginning of the Great Depression.

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

A 1930 tariff that raised import taxes, worsening the Great Depression.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

A government agency created in 1932 to provide loans to stabilize the economy during the Great Depression.