Musculoskeletal System

Longissimus capitis

Extends, rotates, and laterally flexes neck

Oblique capitis superior

Extends and laterally flexes neck, turns head

Rectus capitis posterior

Extends and rotates neck, turns head

Semispinalis capitis

Extends and rotates neck

Splenius capitis

Extends, rotates, and laterally flexes neck

Trapezius

Extends and laterally flexes neck

Sternocleidomastoid

Laterally flexes head and neck to the same side and can rotate head and neck to opposite side

Scalene muscle

Flex, laterally flex, and rotate neck

Occipitofrontalis

Moves scalp, raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

Corrugator supercilii

Depresses medial portion of eyebrow, draws eyebrows together

Levator palpebrae superioris

Elevates upper eyelid, opens eye

Orbicularis oculi

Closes eyes, blinking, winking, squinting

Nasalis

Dilates nostrils

Procerus

Creates horizontal wrinkles between eyes

Buccinator

Draws corner of the mouth posteriorly

Depressor anguli oris

Lowers corners of the mouth

Depressor labii inferioris

Depresses lower lip

Levator anguli oris

Raises corner of the mouth

Levator labii superioris

Raises upper lip

Mentalis

Elevates and wrinkles skin over chin, protrudes lower lip

Orbicularis oris

Closes and purses lips

Risorius

Draws corner of mouth laterally

Zygomaticus major

Elevates and abducts upper lip and corner of mouth

Zygomaticus minor

Elevates and abducts upper lip

Platysma

Depresses lower lip, wrinkles skin of neck and upper chest

Temporalis

Elevates and retracts mandible

Masseter

Elevates and protracts mandible

Lateral pterygoid

Depresses and protracts mandible, side to side movement

Medial pterygoid

Elevates and protracts mandible, side to side movement

Digastric

Depresses and retracts mandible, elevates hyoid

Geniohyoid

Protracts hyoid, depresses mandible

Mylohyoid

Elevates floor of mouth and tongue, depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed

Stylohyoid

Elevates hyoid

Omohyoid/Sternohyoid

Depressed hyoid, fixes hyoid when opening mouth

Sternothyroid

Depresses larynx, fixes hyoid when opening mouth

Thyrohyoid

Depresses hyoid and elevates thyroid cartilage of larynx, fixes hyoid when opening mouth

Genioglossus

Depresses and protrudes tongue

Hypoglossus

Retracts and depresses side of tongue

Styloglossus

Retracts tongue

Palatoglossus

Elevates posterior tongue

Inferior oblique

Elevates and laterally moves eye

Superior oblique

Depresses and laterally moves eye

Inferior rectus of eye

Depresses and medially moves eye

Lateral rectus of eye

Laterally moves the eye

Medial rectus of eye

Medially moves eye

Superior rectus

Elevates and medially moves eye

Cervicis, thoracis, and lumborum of spine

Extends, laterally flexes, and rotates the vertebral column

Capitis

Extends head

Interspinales

Extend back and neck

Intertransversarii

Laterally flexes vertebral column

Multifundus

Extends and rotates vertebral column

Quadratus lumborum

Laterally flexes vertebral column and depresses twelfth rib

Rotatores

Extends and rotates vertebral column

Diaphragm

Inspiration depresses floor of thorax

External intercostals

Quiet inspiration elevates ribs

Internal intercostals

Forced expiration depresses ribs

Anterior and medial scalene muscle

Elevates first rib

Posterior scalene muscle

Elevates second rib

Rectus abdominis

Flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall

External and internal abdominal oblique

Flexes and rotates vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall, depresses thorax

Transversus abdominus

Compress abdominal wall

Coccygeus

Forms pelvic floor, supports pelvic organs

Levator ani

Elevates anus, supports pelvic organs

Bulbospongiosus

Compresses base of penis, ejects urine or semen, erects penis

Erects clitoris in females

Ischiocavernosus

Compreses base of penis or clitoris

External urethral sphincter

Constricts urethra to stop urine flow

External anal sphincter

Keeps orifice of anal canal closed, relaxes during defecation

Levator scapulae

Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula, laterally flexes neck

Pectoralis minor

Depresses scapula and elevates ribs

Rhomboideus major

Retracts, rotates, and fixes scapula

Rhomboideus minor

Retracts, slightly elevates, rotates, and fixes scapula

Serratus anterior

Rotates and protects scapula, elevates ribs

Subclavius

Fixes clavicle or elevates first rib

Trapezius

Elevates, depresses, retracts, rotates, and fixes scapula

Extends neck

Deltoid

Flexes and extends shoulder, abducts and medially/laterally rotates arm

Coracobrachialis

Adducts arm and flexes shoulder

Latissimus dorsi

Adducts and medially rotates arm, extends shoulder

Teres major

Extends shoulder, adducts and medially rotates arm

Infraspinatus

Laterally rotates arm, holds head of humerus in place

Subscapularis

Medially rotates arm, holds head of humerus in place

Supraspinatus

Abducts arm, holds head of humerus in place

Teres minor

Laterally rotates and adducts arm, holds head of humerus in place

Biceps brachii

Flexes shoulder and elbow, supinates forearm and hand

Brachialis

Flexes elbow

Triceps brachii

Extends elbow, extends shoulder and adducts arm

Brachoradialis

Flexes elbow

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexes and abducts wrost

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexes and adducts wrist

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexes fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints and interphalangeal joints and wrists

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexes fingers at interphalangeal joints and wrist

Flexor pollicis longus

Flexes thumb

Palmaris longus

Tenses palmar fascia, flexes wrist

Pronator quadratus

Prontates forearm

Pronator teres

Pronates forearm (and hand)

Supinator

Supinates forarm (and hand)

Abductor pollicis longus

Abducts and extends thumb, abducts wrist

Anconeus

Extends elbow

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extends and abducts wrist

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extends and abducts wrist

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Extends and adducts wrist