endo Exam 1

diagnosis

What is the first step of a “root canal”

working length

What best describes the distance from a predetermined coronal reference point to the point that the instrumentation and obturation should terminate?

true

True or False: Root canal therapy is not truly finished until restoration is placed.

21, 25, 31mm

What commercially available hand file lengths are used in this course?

pulpal, periapical

to diagnose a tooth for RCT you must have ____ and _____ diagnoses

sharps container

Where should safe ended irrigation probe tips be disposed?

straight line access

Unimpeded access of the instruments in the canals to the apical one third of the canal or the first curve (if present)

gates glidden

What is the best instrument to remove the lingual shoulder for a maxillary anterior access?

sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)

What irrigant is used to disinfect the canal system (kill microbes) during root canal therapy for patients?

master apical file

largest file used to full working length of the completely prepared root canal

apical patency

technique where the apical potrtion of the canal is maintained free of debris by recapitulation with small file through apical foramen

measurement of clinical file lengtth when captured radiographically 0.5-1mm from apex

How is the correct working length decided for teeth in this course?

PA

What is the minimum radiographic image required diagnose and treat a tooth endodontically

inadequate exposure time

What is one of the potential causes of a digital radiograph appearing too light (under exposed)

lamina dura and pdl width/shape

What are the 2 most indicative factors to diagnose a tooth with apical periodontitis

50K

If your first file to bind (FFB) at working length is a size #35K file, what size will you enlarge your canal to your master apical file size?

PVS, adheesive, wax

What materials are used for mounting practice access teeth in this course?

flute

groove in the working surface that collects soft tissue and dentin chips

cyclic fatigue

fracture caused by a file repetitively used in a curved canal over time that has repeated tension-compression cycles

determine first file to bind at 20mm

You've accessed tooth #7 and determined the working length with a #15K file at 20mm is within 0.5-1mm from the radiographic apex. What is the next step to determine which WaveOne Gold file to select?

waveone gold primary 25/.07v

You determine that the first file to bind at working length is a #20K file. What file do you select to instrument the canal and be your master apical file (MAF)?

waveone gold medium 35/.06v

You determine that the first file to bind at working length is a #30K file. What file do you select to instrument the canal and be your master apical file (MAF)?

diagnosis, access, cleaning/shaping, obturation, restoration

what are the steps of RCT

anatomy of tooth

the size and shape of access is determined by:

16mm

the length of cutting flutes on files is always ____

0.62mm

what is the diameter of a #30 file at D16

pull stroke

hedstrom file is activated with a

30%

what percentage of mandibular canines have 2 canals

17% EDTA

used to remove SMEAR layer that accumulate on canal walls

0.5-1mm

ideal radiographic apical termination for this course

apical stop size

size of smallest K-file that cannot be pushed beyond WL

initial apical stop size

apical stop size before instrumentation

final apical stop size

apical stop size after instrumenation

first file to bind

smallest file that feels resistance when twisting at WL

3

when handfiling the mast file will be ___ sizes longer than the first file to bind

too long exposure, developer too hot, developed too long

causes of film being ttoo DARK

pulp tests

provides a good differenttiation between endodontic and non endodontic lesions

2nd premolar

63% of mental foramens are below the _____

fast break

the sudden disappearance or narrowing of a root canal on a radiograph, indicating a complex anatomy where a single canal splits into two or more, or takes a sharp bend

image is backwards

the circle magnet being captured in this image indicates:

35K

if a canal size first file to bind is ____ or larger, you will Hand File 3 sizes larger and use "Step Back" for Instrumentation of the case

step back technique

create tapered shape by using progressively larger files at shorter working length (decrease WL by 1mm for each increase in file size)

nickel titanium

material that is highly resistant to cyclic fatigue

blade (leading/cutting edge)

surface that forms and deflects chips from the wall of the canal and severs or snags soft tissue

land

surface that projects axially from the central axis as far as the cutting edge between flutes; touches canal wall at the periphery of the file

rake angle

angle formed by the leading edge of the radius of the file and the surface to be cut

positive rake angle

angle formed by the leading edge and the surface to be cut is obtuse

negative rake angle

angle formed by the leading edge and the surface to be cut is ACUTE

pitch

distance between point on the leading edge and corresponding point on adjacent leading edge; smaller = more spirals and greater helical angle; most rotary files have a variable pitch

negative/acute

the ____ rake angle is the SCRAPING angle

positive/obtuse

the ____ rake angle is the CUTTING angle

torsional load

Occurs when an instrument tip locks in a canal while the shank continues to rotate

rotary instruments, hand instrument, irrigation

what is used to clean canals

fins (uninstrumented porrtions of canal)

if preparation is done with rotary instruments alone ____ may be left in the canal

reciprocation

A file working motion consisting of a counterclockwise (cutting direction) and a clockwise

motion (release of the instrument)

counter-clockwise/cutting

the angle of _____ direction is greater

150

the waveone gold reciprocation is _____ degrees in the counter-clockwise direction

30

the waveone gold rotation is _____ degrees in the clockwise direction

3

how many active cuts are made in one 360° rotation of waneone gold

primary/red

which wave one gold file should be used if the first file to bind at working length is 15K or 20K

medium/green

which wave one gold file should be used if the first file to bind at working length is 25K or 30K

instrrumentation,disinfection, and obturation

what does endodontic success depend on

watertight seal

what is the objective of obturartion

true

T/F if bacteria remain prior to obturation, healing is related to quality of obturation

true

T/F if bacteria are eliminated prior to obturation, PA lesions heal regardless of quality of obturation

true

T/F what is removed from the root canal system is more important than how it is filled

guttta-percha

Core material that occupies the bulk of the canal space

sealer

must be used with gutta percha for adequate seal

doesnt bond to dentin and shrinks on cooling

what are the disadvantages of gutta percha

within 1mm of CEJ

where should gutta percha be seared

master gutta percha, sealer, accesory cones (if they fit)

what should be included in initial condensation radiogaph

superior ability to precurve

which of the following is NOT a feature of nickel titanium files

flexible

superelastic

resistant to cyclic fatigue

can be used in curved canal

superior ability to precurve

fracture more easily

15

glide path is created using a _____ size file

15

which size file is used to determine WL on radiographs

contour of facial surface

which of the following will NOT impact the size and shape of the access?

pulp chamber size

pulp chambe shape

convience requirements

contour of facial surface

calcification of pulp

stainless steel

what matterial is a hedstrom file made of

zinc oxide

gutta percha is majority ______

hedstrom

what kind of file is this?