Exam 3: chapter 9 SKELETAL SYSTEM - ARTICULATIONS

what is an articulation?

joint

__ bones are joined by fibrous CT with NO space

fibrous

__ bones are joined by a pad or bridge of cartilage

cartilaginous

__ bones are separated by a fluid filled cavity, surrounded by CT

synovial

__ is an immovable joint (fibrous or cartilaginous) strength

synarthrosis

__ is a slightly moveable joint ( fibrous of cartilaginous) strength with some mobility

amphiarthrosis

__ is a freely moveable joint (always synovial) less strength and stability

diarthrosis

__ mobility = __ stability

increased, decreased

a __ is a fused bone in a synarthrosis joint

synostosis

a __ is an interlocked bone sealed with dense CT in a synarthrosis joint

suture

a __ is a tooth in alveolar socket held by ligaments in a synarthrosis joint

gomphosis

a __ is a hyaline cartilage bridge between bones in a synarthrosis joint

synchondrosis

__ are bones that are connected by a ligament in a amphiarthroses joint

syndesmosis

__ are bones separated y a pad of fibrocartilage in a amphiarthroses join

symphysis

__ cartilage in the diarthroses is hyaline cartilage with no periosteum

articular

the __ __ is the space between/ around apposing bones and contains synovial fluid in the diarthroses

synovial cavity

the __ __ has an outer layer ( dense irregular CT, continuous with periosteum) and in inner layer ( synovial membrane, covers inside surface of cavity besides articular cartilage) in the diarthroses

articular capsule

__ __ is made from blood plasma + hyaluronic acid from fibroblasts in the diarthroses

synovial fluid

__ __ lubricates, absorbs shock and distributes nutrients

synovial fluid

the __ is an accessory structure made from a fibrocartilage pad that divides / changes shape, and limits range of motion in the diarthroses

meniscus

a __ __ is an accessory structure made from adipose tissue that is superficial to the capsule. it protects and is a space filler in the diarthroses

fat pad

__ __ are accessory structures made from dense regular CT and are either part of / outside the capsule or inside joint. They strengthen joints in the diarthroses

accessory ligaments

__ are dense regular CT that attach muscle to bone to add stability to joints

tendons

__ are synovial filled pockets that reduce friction

bursa

the __ __ __ is a tubular bursa around a tendon

synovial tendon sheath

a __ is damage to a ligament and is slow to heal

sprain

__ is inflammation of a bursa from trauma, infection or repetitive motion

bursitis

__ is a dislocation or joint displacement 

luxation

__ is a partial dislocation beyond usual anatomical limitations (double jointed)

subluxation

__ is a linear movement that is slight in any direction

gliding

__ reduces the angle in a sagittal plane ( angular)

flexion

__ increases the angle in a sagittal plane (angular)

extension

__ is an extension past anatomical position (angular)

hyperextension

__ is to move (out) away from longitudinal axis in frontal plane (angular)

abduction

__ is to move (in) towards the longitudinal axis in frontal plane (angular)

adduction

__ is to move in a loop without rotation (angular)

circumduction

a __ rotation turns in toward the body (rotational)

medial

a __ rotation turns out away from the body (rotational)

lateral

__ is to turn your sole inwards (foot)

inversion

__ is to turn your sole outward (foot)

eversion

__ is to lift your toes

dorsiflexion

__ is to move your thumb across your palm

opposition

__ __ is to lift your heal

plantar flexion

__ is the medial rotation of the radius

pronation

__ is the lateral rotation of the radius

supination

__ is to move anterior

protraction

__ is to move posterior

retraction

__ is to move superior

elevation

__ is to move inferior

depression

__ is movement in one plane

monaxial

__ is movement in two planes

biaxial

__ is movement in three planes

triaxial

__ is movement in all directions, gliding joints

multiaxial

__ joints are flat surfaces that slide in any direction

gliding

__ joints are cylindrical projections in trough shaped surfaces

hinge

__ joints are round projections in ring shaped depressions

pivot

__ joints are oval facets in oval depressions

ellipsoidal

__ joints are concave surfaces into convex surfaces

saddle

__ and __ joints are spherical heads into cup like sockets

ball, socket

__ is pain and stiffness of the skeletal system

rheumatism

__ is a rheumatism of synovial joints caused by damage to articular cartilage

arthritis

__ is cumulative wear and tear that erodes cartilage at ages 60+

osteoarthritis

__ __ is an autoimmune attach that causes chronic inflammation and damage to joints

rheumatoid arthritis

__ is ossification of the joint due to untreated RA

ankylosis

__ __ occurs when crystals of uric acid from nucleic acid metabolism form in synovial fluid and damage cartilage

gouty arthritis