IT Infrastructure & Data Analysis - IT Midterm Study Set

What is data?

raw facts and figures

What is information?

data shaped into meaningful form (can help with decision making or taking action)

What is Information Technology(IT)?

any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicated, and disseminate information

What are the two parts of Information Technology?

1) Computer Technology

2) Communication Technology

What is Information System?

a set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information; an application of IT in the business world

What is Total cost of ownership(TCO)?

an analyzation of direct and indirect costs

What are programs?

sets of operating instruction that direct and control computer processing

What aspect of cyberspace is called “the mother of all networks”?

the internet

What are the 4 Levels of Organization Structural(“IT-enabled”) Change?

1) Automation

2) Rationalization of Procedures

3) Business process reengineering

4) Paradigm shift

Which of the 4 Levels of Organization Structural(“IT-enabled”) Change has the lowest risk and return?

automation

Which of the 4 Levels of Organization Structural(“IT-enabled”) Change has the highest risk and return?

paradigm shifts

Which level of Organization Structural(“IT-enabled”) Change automates procedures to speed up the performance of existing tasks?

automation

Which level of Organization Structural(“IT-enabled”) Change streamlines standard operating procedures to eliminate obvious bottlenecks?

rationalization of procedures

Which level of Organization Structural(“IT-enabled”) Change analyzes and redesigns business processes?

business process reengineering

Which level of Organization Structural(“IT-enabled”) Change reconceptualizes the nature of business and the nature of the organization?

paradigm shift

What are the 4 major types of competitive strategy?

1) Low-cost leadership

2) Product differentiation

3) Focus on market niche

4) Strengthen customer and supplier relationships(customer and supplier intimacy)

What is a firm doing when they provide a specialized product or service for a narrow target market better than competitors?

a focused differentiation strategy

What is the IT Infrastructure composed of?

1) computer software

2) communications technology

3) computer hardware

What are examples of POS devices?

ATM, self-checkout, gas stations

What are activity trackers and smartwatches examples of?

wearable devices

What are the 4 types of computers?

1) supercomputers

2) mainframes

3) microcomputers

4) microcontrollers

What are examples of microcomputers?

workstations, PC’s

What are microcontrollers?

embedded computers

What is another term for a high-end desktop?

workstation

What type of computer would a user buying a home computer most likely purchase?

microcomputer

What are tiny, specialized microprocessors installed in “smart” appliances and automobiles called?

microcontrollers

What are the 2 digits used in the binary system?

0 and 1

How many bits are in a byte?

8 bits

What is every brand of computers binary language called?

machine language

What is data that a computer accepts and processes?

input

What is the motherboard(system board)?

the main circuit board of the computer

What does the CPU do?

interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer

What does the system clock do?

controls the timing of all computer operations by generating regular electronic pulses that set the operating pace of the system unit; usually measured in gigahertz (GHz)

What are the parts of the CPU?

1) bus

2) control unit

3) bay

What are electrical data roadways through which bits are transmitted within the CPU and other components of the motherboard called?

buses

What memory chip is used to store fixed (permanent) start-up instructions?

ROM

What component of the processor performs arithmetic and comparison operations?

ALU

What type of memory is unused hard disk or optical (CD) space that the processor uses to extend the capacity of RAM?

virtual memory

What enhances the functions of a component of a desktop or server system unit and/or provides connections to Input/Output devices?

adapter card

What is a socket on a desktop or server motherboard that can hold an adapter card?

expansion slot

What port can transmit data to up to 127 devices in a daisy chain?

USB

What are examples of secondary storage devices?

1) CD

2) HDD

3) Blu-ray disk

What is cloud storage?

online storage

What is the process of transferring items from a storage medium into memory called?

reading

What is the process of transferring items form memory to a storage medium called?

writing

What are devices that translate data into a form the computer can process called? 

input hardware

What are devices that translate information processed by the computer into a form humans can understand called? 

output hardware

What do Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) devices do?

read a microchip that contains a specific code of numbers with radio waves

What are security devices that identify a person through fingerprint, voice-integration, or retinal identification examples of?

biometric systems

What is not tangible data shown on a display screen or in audio form that exists electronically called?

softcopy

What is tangible output that is printed called?

hardcopy

What are the 2 types of software?

system and application

What are the 3 basic components of system software?

1) operating systems

2) device drivers

3) utility programs

What is the principal component of system software in any computing system?

operating systems

What is a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device?

device drivers

What basic component of a system software is used to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in a computer system called?

utility programs

What is software that allows the application software to interact with the computer called?

system software

What is it called when a user turns on a computer that is currently turned off?

cold boot

What is it called when a user restarts a computer?

warm boot

What happens if a computer or mobile device uses up its available RAM?

the operating system may use virtual memory

What is meant by the term Plug and Play?

the operating system automatically configures new devices as you install or connect them

When a contract is signed by a software purchaser agreeing not to make copies of the software for resale or giving away what is the purchaser signing?

software license

What types of software are copyrighted?

1) freeware

2) shareware

3) rentalware

4) software on the cloud

What are free downloadable updates for users who have registered and/or activated their software called?

service packs

What is a communications system connecting two or more computers called?

network

What aspect of cyberspace is called “the mother of all networks”

internet

What is a system that connects, usually by special cable, a group of desktop PCs and other devices such as printers in an office or a building called?

local area network

What are the 3 types of networks?

1) WAN (Wide Area Network)

2) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

3) LAN (Local Area Network)

What is a communications network that covers a wide geographic area, such as a country or the world called?

WAN (Wide Area Network)

What is a network that covers a city or a suburb called?

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

What is a system that connects, usually by special cable, a group of desktop PCs and other devices such as printers in an office or a building called?

LAN (Local Area Network)

What are the 2 types of network structure?

1) client/server

2) peer-to-peer (P2P)

What is a network concept that consists of clients that are computers that request data, and servers which are computers that supply data called?

client/server

What is a network concept where all computers on the network are “equal” and communicated directly with one another without relying on servers called?

peer-to-peer(P2P)

What are the 4 types of network topology?

1) star

2) ring

3) bus

4) mixed layout

What is the network topology in which all nodes are connected through a central network unit?

star

What is the network topology in which all nodes are connected in a continuous loop?

ring

What is the network topology in which all nodes are connected to a single wire or cable?

bus

What is NOT a network topology?

hub

What device connects multiple computers in a network?

network hub

What is a fixed-length block of data for transmission called?

packet

What is the method of slicing digital messages into parcels, transmitting them along different communication paths, and reassembling them at their destinations called?

packet switching

What is the range of frequencies that a transmission medium can carry in a particular period of time called?

bandwidth

What is a very high-speed internet connection generally referred to as?

broadband

What is NOT an example of a download?

saving a presentation to a CD

What is NOT an example of an upload?

saving your favorite music videos from a music website to your hard drive

What are .gov, .com, and .edu extension examples of?

top-level domains

What uniquely identifies each computer and device connected to the Internet?

URL

Which Internet communication service can you use to speak to other users over the Internet?

VoIP

What Internet communication service can you use to transfer items to and from other computers on the Internet?

FTP

What part of http://www.nps.gov/history/preserve-places.html is the protocol?

http://

What is a suite of communications protocols and a common addressing scheme that enables millions of computers to connect together in one giant global network?

TCP/IP

What is buying or selling goods over the Internet called?

e-commerce

What does businesses retailing products and services directly via the Internet to individual consumers best describe?

business-to-consumer electronic commerce

What is NOT a type of e-commerce?

C2B

What is eBay an example of?

C2C electronic commerce

Twitter and LinkedIn are examples of what kind of website?

online social network

Which of the following best describes B2C e-commerce?

the sale of goods and services to the general public

What is an abusive or insulting message in online communication called?

flame

What is NOT an example of good netiquette?

when replying, send the entire original message for reference