Data & Data Analysis

Data

Raw, unorganized, unstructured facts and figures, which may be in the form of numbers, letters, characters, or images.

Information

The output after data has been processed, organized or structured, to convert it into something that is ready to visualize or analyze; it provides contexts for the data.

Knowledge

Meaning can be derived from information and applied to achieve a set goal.

Wisdom

The application of knowledge.

Metadata

A set of data that describes and gives information about other data.

Data mining

The process of finding patterns and correlations, as well as anomalies, within large sets of data.

Data comparison

The process of comparing two different sets of data with the aim of finding data about the same entity.

Primary data

Original data collected for the first time for a specific purpose.

Secondary data

Data that has been collected by someone else for a different purpose.

Relational database

A database that has more than one table.

Data validation

Process of determining whether a particular piece of information falls within an acceptable range of values for a given field.

Data verification

Performs a check of the current data to ensure that it is accurate, consistent, and reflects its intended purpose.

Data visualization

Process of converting large sets of data into charts, graphs, or other visual representations.

Encryption

Process of converting readable data into unreadable data to prevent unauthorized access.

Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

Protocol developed for sending information securely over the internet by using an encrypted link between a web server and a browser.

Transport Layer Security (TLS)

An improved version of SSL and is a protocol that provides security between client and server applications communicating over the internet.

Data masking

The process of replacing confidential data with functional fictitious data, ultimately anonymizing the data.

Data Erasure

The destruction of data at the end of the data life cycle.

Data deletion

The sending of the file to the recycle bin, which removes the file icon and pathway to its location.

Blockchain

A digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated and distributed across a network of computers.

Big data (4V)

Large volumes of data, which may be both structured or unstructured, characterized by volume, veracity (accuracy & quality).

Real-time

Happening now or live.

Data privacy

The ability for individuals to control their personal information.

Data reliability

Data that is complete and accurate.

Data integrity

Trustworthiness of data when it has been compromised.

Cyberbullying

Bullying carried out online, such as on social media.

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Legislation designed to harmonize data privacy laws across the EU.