rbt exam

ABC data

antecedent, behavior, consequence, 3-term contingency

abolishing operation

can decrease reinforcer effectiveness, associated with satiation

acqusition

a target that is in the process of being taught, behavior is not a known skill yet

antecedent interventions

recognizing environmental factors that can attribute to problematic behavior and making changes necessary to promote appropriate behavior and reduce possible triggers for maladaptive behaviors

antecedent

events that occur before a behavior

backward chaining

teaching skill steps one at a time from the last step to the first, prompting all steps before the step being taught

reinforcement after teaching step and at the end of the task

behavior intervention plan

once the function of behavior has been determined, they are used for antecedent strategies, responding to maladaptive behaviors, teaching replacement behaviors and what interventions to use, both verbal and physical

behavior skills training

procedure consisting of instruction, modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and feedback that is used to teach new behaviors or skills

behavior

anything a person does that can be observed and measured

four function of behavior

automatic/sensory, escape, attention, access

chaining

used to teach multi-step skills in which the steps involved are defined through task analysis

each separate step is taught to link together the total “chain”

can be backwards, forward, or total task

consequence

something that follows a behavior

continuous measurement

records every single occurrence of a behavior

ex: frequency, duration, rate, and per opportunity

continuous reinforcement

the target behavior occurs and is reinforced after every occurrence

deprivation

not having something often enough and in return increases the effectiveness of it when used as a reinforcer

differential reinforcement

a procedure in which one behavior is reinforced while other behaviors are extinguished

differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors (DRI)

reinforce behavior incompatible with an undesirable behavior

reinforce johnny for writing his name appropriately rather than tapping his pencil

differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)

reinforce behavior that is an appropriate alternative (replacement) for the undesirable behavior

reinforce annie when she asked for a break instead of yelling to get out of work

differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO)

reinforce any other behavior other than the undesirable behavior

reinforce luke with a gummy every 5 minutes he does not engage in crying

discontinuous measurement

used to measure some instance of behavior but not all

partial and whole interval recording and momentary time sampling are examples

discrete trial

learning opportunity initiated and controlled by the teacher in which the correct response will be reinforced

includes breaking a skill into smaller parts and teaching it while using reinforcement

allows for presentation of many learning opportunities in a short amount of time

discriminative stimulus (SD)

a cue that signals reinforcement is available if the subject makes a particular response (demand or instruction)

dual relationship (multiple relationships)

situation where multiple roles exist between a therapist and a parent or client

duration

the amount of time that someone engages in a behavior

echoic

verbal imitation; repeating the speaker

error correction

when a client makes a mistake on a target that has been previously mastered, do not acknowledge the mistake

represent the trial and be ready to prompt to get a correct answere

errorless teaching

prompt the correct response as soon as you give the Sd, not giving the client a chance to error

expressive language

the ability to communicate

extinction

the withholding of reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior, resulting in reduction of that behavior

extinction burst

the increase in frequency and/or intensity of behavior in the early stages of extinction

fixed interval (FI)

schedule of reinforcement used for a set amount of time

fixed ratio (FR)

schedule of reinforcement used for a set amount of responses

forward chaining

teaching skill steps one at a time from the first step to the last and prompting all steps after the step being taught

reinforcement after teaching step and at the end of the task

frequency

the amount of times, or count, a behavior or response happens

functional behavioral assessment

process by which behavioral interventions are created

intended to determine the function of the behavior and create interventions

involves observation, interview, and collecting ABC data

functional relationship

how a person’s behavior change the world around them and how the changes affect the future likelihood on the same behaviors

generalization

change occurs when that behavior occurs outside of the learning environments such as across settings and people

imitation

copying someone’s motor movements

incidental teaching

technique used in naturally occurring environments and can create natural incidents of learning

instructional control

developing a history of reinforcing assent, placing task demands and other instructions following pairing

intermittent reinforcement

schedule of reinforcing some but not all desirable behavior

inter-response time

the time between two responses given

intraverbal

building blocks to conversation skills as it’s the ability to discuss, describe, or answer a question about something that isn’t physically present

latency

the time between when the Sd is presented, and the response is given

listener responding

following a direction given

listener responding feature function class (LRFFC)

used to describe and receptively find an object when given the feature, function or class of that item

magnitude

the force or intensity with which a response is emitted

maintenance

the ability of a child to demonstrate previously acquired skills over time and durations when reinforcement has been faded

mand

asking for something, a request that has motivation

measurement

collecting data on various skills or behaviors

momentary time sampling

looking for a behavior’s occurrence during a specific part of the interval and recording if it is occurring at that precise moment

motivating operation

change in environment that increases or decreases the effectiveness of a given reinforcer

natural environment teaching

when the learner initiates a learning opportunity and the reinforcer is a result of the activity or learning opportunity

negative reinforcement

removing a stimulus to increase/strengthen a behavior

operational definition

definitions of behavior that are measurable, objective, and observable

pairing

establishing yourself as a reinforcer or the deliverer of reinforcement while building positive relationship

partial interval recording

involves checking off an interval if the behavior occurs at any point within the interval - even if it only occurred for 1 second

can be used for behaviors that don’t look the same every time or self-stimulatory behaviors

can be an over exaggeration of the behavior

permanent product

tangible product or environmental outcome that proves a skill

positive reinforcement

adding a stimulus to strengthen/increase behavior

preference assessment

determines what a child is motivated by

primary reinforcer

items or activities that are naturally reinforcing

principles of reinforcement

deprivation, immediacy, size, contingency (DISC)

deprivation

withholding of a stimulus

immediacy

how quickly a reinforcer is presented after the correct response is emitted

size

the amount of reinforcement given after a correct response is emitted

contingency

if then statement is used to set the expectation for reinforcement to occur

prompt

form of assistance that you add in order to achieve a desired response or behavior that is not occurring

used to evoke a correct response

prompt hierarchy

level of prompts used from greatest to least or least to greatest

expressive language hierarchy

full verbal, partial verbal, independent

receptive language hierarchy

full physical, partial physical, model, gestural, independent

prompt fading

gradually removing prompt levels needed or fading out the intrusiveness

punishment

anything that is added or removed after a behavior that decreases it

making it less likely to happen again

positive punishment

a stimulus presented after a behavior occurs which decreases behavior

negative punishment

a stimulus removed after a behavior occurs which decreases the behavior

rate

how many times a behavior occurs in a set amount of time

reactive strategies

techniques used in an emergency or crisis situation to gain control of dangerous, out of control behaviors

receptive language

listener behavior, refer to tasks that require a non-vocal action or motor response such as touch, imitation, or pointing

reinforcement

anything that is added or removed after a behavior that decreases it

positive reinforcement

a stimulus presented after a behavior occurs which increase the behavior

negative reinforcement

a stimulus removed after a behavior occurs which increases the behavior

replacement behavior

a behavior you want to replace an unwanted target behavior

response prompt

any prompt that is used in expressive or receptive language such as a gestural, model, or verbal prompt

role of the RBT

program implementation, data collection, communicating w/ stakeholders, work directly with BCBA and following written program including BIP

satiation

when a reinforcer loses it effectiveness due to overuse

secondary reinforcer

items or activities that acquire reinforcing properties when paired with primary reinforcers

setting events

the context or circumstance in which an environment-behavior relationship occurs

shaping

the process of reinforcing gradual changes in a behavior so the behavior begins to look like the target behavior while no longer reinforcing the previous accepted response

skill acquisition

developing of new skills, habits, quality

spontaneous recovery

the reappearance of the extinguished behavior after a period without reinforcing the behavior

stimulus

anything that elicits a response followed by consequence

stimulus control

precedes the behavior but affects the outcome, something has influence over behavior

stimulus control transfer

a process in which prompts are removed in order to bring the behavior under the control of the Sd and is achieved by prompt fading

stimulus prompt

stimuli that are used to help evoke correct response

includes positional cues, environmental, moving items, or changing features/color and size/proximity

tact

a form of verbal behavior where the speaker sees, hears, smells, taste something and then comments about it (labeling)

task analysis

the process of breaking a skill down into smaller, more manageable components

token economy

a method used to try and reinforce the frequency of a target behavior

topography

the physical form or shape of a behavior

total task chaining

teaching behavior chain steps all at once, reinforcement is delivered for independence and at the end of the task

variable interval

used for a variable amount of time v

variable ratio

used for a variable amount of responses