Grade 10 World War 1

Militarism

the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Alliances

agreements between nations to aid and protect one another

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Sam Hughes

The man in charge of Canada's armament industry (Minister of Militia) He took advantage of his position by awarding large government contracts to his friends who were profiteers. The ministry of Militia soon became slowed down in patronage, inefficiency and confusion. Bad quality items were made and sent over for the soldiers to use. the shell committee was created and by 1917 this man was fired.

Valcartier

Training center in canada where 32 000 of the first Canadian and Newfoundlander troops recieved minimal basic training and then were sent of to England

War Measures Act

an Act that gives the federal government emergency powers during wartime, including the right to detain people without laying charges

Macadam Shovel

-A shovel with a hole that a shooter could "use" as a shield

-Thousands were bought, but ended up being quite useless to the larger machinery

Internment

Temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group

Propaganda

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.

Inflation

A general and progressive increase in prices

Profiteering

The selling of goods in short supply at inflated prices

censorship

restriction on access to ideas and information

Role of Women

worked in the factories, served as police at home, they did traditionally "male" jobs

Munitions factories

factories that produce weapons and ammunitions for warfare

Red Cross

An international organization dedicated to the medical care of the sick or wounded in wars and natural disasters

next of kin

the person most closely related to someone

Dorcas

A woman full of good works; also known as Tabitha

Patriotic Fund

gives financial and social to soldiers families

Trade (congress power)

Makes rules with other nations, states, and indians.

Halifax Explosion

2000 killed, 9000 wounded, largest non-atomic man-made explosion in history. Mont Blanc, carrying explosives, crashed into Imo (norwegian relief vessel) in the Harbor. resulted in Halifax Relief Commission

income tax

Tax paid to the state, federal, and local governments based on income earned over the past year.

Victory Bonds

bonds issued by the Canadian government to support the war effort

Victory Gardens

Backyard gardens; Americans were encouraged to grow their own vegetables to support the war effort

enemy alien

a national living in a country that is at war with his/her homeland

Propaganda Posters

promoted people to invest money in the war effort

Battle of Ypres, April 1915

1st use of chemical weapons. Germans gas Allies with chlorine gas.

Battle of the Somme (1916)

Bloodiest most wasteful battle of WWI On the first day of the battle 57,540 casualties. It was an offensive attack that cost the lives of about 60,000 Canadians.

Douglais Haig

organized an attack that would break through the German lines and open a pathway for the cavalry, breaking the stalemate that was in existence in the trenches

Passchendaele

It was a very muddy battle in which Canadians performed admirably. Nine soldiers were awarded the Victoria Cross

Vimy Ridge

A successful battle of World War One where all four Canadian divisions fought together for the first time. A proud moment for Canada.

Canada's 100 days

august to november 1918

-brit launch major offensice after german Ludendorff offensive

- begins at Amiens, lead by cads and aussies

- gain 13 km in one day, aug 8th referred to as "the black day of the german army"

-Canadians capture important fench town of Cambrai

-aug 8th -nov 11th to the cad corps in known as cads 100 days

Arthur Currie

the first Canadian to be promoted to General, led Canadians at Vimy Ridge

barrage

a curtain of artillery fire; any overwhelming attack, as of words or blows

Victoria Cross

The highest award that can be given to a soldier in the British Empire for an act of bravery or heroism.

Sappers

A key element in the attack on Vimy Ridge. It consisted of tunneling under No-Man's Land to place bombs under German Lines to weaken the defenses prior to Infantry attack

Convoy System

the protection of merchant ships from U-boat-German submarine-attacks by having the ships travel in large groups escorted by warships

Turnip Winter

when the German people were starving in the winter of 1916, because of the Allied blockade of Germany

Jutland

Site of the war's major sea battle between Germany and Britain off Denmark's coast; German sea prowess was limited after this encounter.

Henry Norwest

A Métis was credited with a sniping record of 115 fatal shots. For his achievement he was awarded the Military Medal

sam glode

earned a Distinguished Service Medal for personally removing 450 mines over a two day period

lieutenant Alexander smith

Won the Military Cross for leading his men against and enemy trench and capturing 50 prisoners

Francis Pegahmagabow

Canada's most decorated Aboriginal Soldier. earned the military medal for bravery

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Billy Bishop

Canadian flying ace. He took down 72 planes. He was awarded the Victoria Cross.

William Barker

was awarded the Victoria Cross. He destroyed 5 enemy planes and forced 10 to retreat

Baron Manfred von Richthofen

A German pilot shot down 80 planes but did not survive WWI. Is believed to have been shot down by Australian ground troops.

Roy Brown

Shot down the Red Baron

Robert Borden

(1854 - 1937) Conservative Prime Minister of Canada from 1911 - 1920. Notable decisions include the vote being given to women, the Conscription Act, and his insistence on Canada signing the Treaty of Versailles and being given a seat at the League of Nations.

Sir Wilfred Laurier

Canada's prime minister at the turn of the century

Henri Bourassa

French-Canadian nationalist. He was against conscription.

Union Government

the coalition government formed by Conservatives and some Liberals and independents that governed Canada from 1917 to 1920

Nova Scotia no. 2 construction battalion

Blacks could join the war effort if they could gather together enough men to form a segregated battalion. Five hundred men from Nova Scotia, sixty from Toronto, three hundred and fifty from Ontario, and fifty from Western Canada enlisted to form the non- combative No. 2 Construction Battalion on July 5, 1916.

William white

Became a chaplain and the only African-Canadian officer in the Canadian armed forces

Where was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated?

Sarajevo, Bosnia

Hundred Days Campaign

the final Allied offensive against the Central Powers on the Western Front, from August 8 to November 11, 1918

Military Service Act

a 1917 Act that made conscription compulsory for all Canadian men between the ages of 20 and 45, calling up the younger men first

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Triple Entente

Britain, France, Russia