Psychopathology

Deviance

• 4Ds of Assessment

• Culturally uncommon or unacceptable thoughts, emotions, or behaviors

Distress

• 4Ds of Assessment

• Negative feelings within the self

• Negative feelings evoked in others

  • E.g., anxiety, pessimism, self-harm

Dysfunction

• 4Ds of Assessment

• Interruption in performance, engagement, or  participation in daily activities

  • How processes interfere with performance

Danger

• 4Ds of Assessment

• Hazard to self or to others

Learning Model

• Models of Abnormal Psychology

• Dysfunction is learned through past experiences

• Classically conditioned

• Learned through observation

  • E.g., hearing swear words until it becomes naturalized

Psychological Model

• Models of Abnormal Psychology

• Cognitive approach

• Mind influences behavior

  • Mind = id, ego, superego

  • Unconscious

  • Identifiable through problems in thinking 

Biological Model

• Models of Abnormal Psychology

• Biogenic approach

• Abnormalities in the body structure and brain

  • Neurotransmitter dysregulation

    • Dopamine, serotonin

  • Genetics

    • Disposition, maternal

  • Maternal illness, birth complications

  • Mechanical trauma

  • Brain disease

Diathesis-Stress Model

• Models of Abnormal Psychology

• Biopsychosocial approach

  • In the body, how the mind function

• Diathesis

  • Biological or psychological disposition

  • In the body and in one’s personsality

• Stress

  • Negative life experiences

  • Environmental conditions:

    • Chaotic family environment, abuse, community conditions

  • Stress = dysfunctional behavior