Cell Organelles

Cell (Plasma) Membrane

barrier that allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste

Cell Wall

maintain’s cell shape, protects cell from mechanical damage

Extracellular Matrix

Instead of a cell wall, animal cells are covered by ECM, bind to cell-surface receptor proteins

Nuceleus

Contains DNA, store genetic information, “control center” of the organelle 

Nucleolus

involved in production of ribosomes, RNA synthase 1 or more nucleoi in a nucleus

Ribosomes

carry out protein synthesis in the cytosol (free ribosomes) and outside the ER (bound)

Smooth ER

sythesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs and posions, stores calcium ions 

Rough ER

glycoproteins, distributes transport vesciles, membrane factory

Golgi Apparatus

modifies products of the ER, manufactures certain macromolecules, sorts and packages materials

Mitochondria

sites of cellular respiration, uses oxygen to generate ATP

Chloroplast

sites of photosynthesis, cholorphyll

Lysosomes

can digest macromolecules, uses enzymes to recycle the cells own organelles

Vacuoles

contractile vacuoles: pump excess water out of cells, central vacuoles: repository for inorganic ions

Peroxisomes

specialized metabolic compartments, produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it into water, detoxify alcohol

Cytoskeleton - Microtubules

shape + support the cell, guide movement of organelles, separate chromosomes during cell division, control cilia + flagella

Cytoskeleton - Intermediate fillaments

reenforce all shape, fix organelles in place

Cytoskeleton microfilaments

beat tension, resisting pulling forces within a cell

Plasmodesmata

water + small solutes can pass from cell to cell

Tight junctions

prevent fluid from moving across a layer of cells

Gap junctions

communicating, facilitates exchange of ions + small molecules

Desmosomes

adhesive sanction, provides structural integrity to tissues

chromatin/chromosomes

contains genetic information

cytoplasm/cytosol

houses all organelles

centrosomes

microtuble-organizing center

centrioles

active during all division

cilia

enable all cell movement, move substances along a cell surface

flagella

enable cell movement, move substances along cell surfaces