Chemical Reactions and Equations

Flashcards covering key concepts from the chapter on chemical reactions and equations.

Atom

The smallest particle of matter which will exhibit the properties of that element.

Molecules

Made up of more than 1 atom

Compounds

Made up of more than 1 element

H

Hydrogen

He

Helium

Li

Lithium

Be

Beryllium

B

Boron

C

Carbon

N

Nitrogen

O

Oxygen

F

Fluorine

Ne

Neon

Na

Natrium

Mg

Magnesium

Al

Aluminum

Si

Silicon

P

Phosphorus

S

Sulfur

Cl

Chlorine

Ar

Argon

K

Kalium

Ca

Calcium

Fe

Iron

Physical Change

Does not produce new substances

Chemical Change

One or more substances change into new substances.

Signs of a Chemical Reaction

Change in color, formation of bubbles, change in odor, formation of a precipitate, warming or cooling, release of light

Chemical Reaction

Atoms of elements or compounds rearrange and form different elements or compounds; Chemical bonds between atoms break and new bonds are formed.

Chemical Equation

A description of a reaction using element symbols and chemical formulas

Law of Conservation of Mass

The total mass of the reactants before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass of the products after the chemical reaction.

Coefficient

A number placed in front of an element symbol or chemical formula in an equation

Chemical Reaction

Reactants -> Products

Synthesis

Two or more substances combine and form one compound

Decomposition

One compound breaks down and forms two or more substances

Single-Replacement Reaction

An atom or group of atoms replaces part of a compound

Double-Replacement Reaction

The negative ions in two compounds switch places, forming two new compounds

Combustion

A substance combines with oxygen and releases energy as thermal or light energy

Endothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat (energy) from its surroundings.

Exothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction that releases heat (energy) into the surroundings.

Activation Energy

The minimum amount of energy needed to activate a chemical reaction.

Reaction Rate

The speed at which a reaction occurs.

Increased Surface Area

Increases reaction rate because more particles on the surface of a solid come into contact with the particles of another substance

Increasing the concentration

Collision between particles, resulting in a fast reaction rate.

Catalyst

A substance that increases the speed of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy.

Inhibitor

A substance that slows down a chemical reaction by increasing activation energy