History of Physical Therapy

These flashcards cover key events and developments in the history of physical therapy, particularly centered around polio and its treatment.

Poliomyelitis is commonly known as __.

Polio.

The first poliovirus discoveries were made by and in 1908.

Karl Landsteiner and Dr. E. Popper.

The symptoms of polio include and muscle weakness.

Fever and breathing difficulties.

The poliovirus primarily attacks __ cells.

Nerve.

A __ is the protein shell that encases the poliovirus.

Capsid.

The __ of polio treatment includes bed rest and splinting to manage symptoms.

Initial approach.

In 1916, New York experienced a polio outbreak with over __ cases reported.

9,000.

Reconstruction aides were trained in schools such as the Boston School for __.

Physical Education.

In __, the American Women’s Physical Therapeutic Association was formed in New York.

1921.

During World War I, Marguerite Sanderson was appointed as __ for reconstruction aides.

Director.

FDR acquired the Georgia Warm Springs to treat __ victims.

Polio.

The __ emerged as a national effort to eliminate polio, started by FDR.

March of Dimes.

In 1952, the largest polio epidemic in history resulted in __ cases.

58,000.

The __ Bill was signed into law in 1960, providing federal grants for medical services.

Kerr-Mills.

The American Physical Therapy Association was formed in __.

1921.

Sister Elizabeth Kenny is known for her development of __ methods for poliomyelitis.

Muscle re-education.

In 1965, the Medicare program was added to the __ Amendments.

Social Security.

The American Congress of Physical Therapy established the __ for Physical Therapy Technicians in the mid-1930s.

American Registry.

The __ Act of 1946 initiated a nationwide hospital building program.

Hill-Burton.

__ is the title given to professionals specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Physiatrist.

The __ Syndrome is characterized by signs such as muscle atrophy and joint pain.

Post-Polio.

In 1938, the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis changed its name to __.

March of Dimes.

The Code of Ethics for Physical Therapists was first adopted by the __ in 1935.

American Physical Therapy Association.

In 1955, Jonas Salk developed the __ vaccine.

Polio.

The term 'direct access' in physical therapy means patients can directly consult a __ without a referral.

Physical therapist.

To promote a high standard in physical therapy, the first PT journal was published by the __ in 1921.

American Women’s Physical Therapeutic Association.

Physical therapy has evolved to treat conditions such as and in addition to polio.

Amputations and strokes.

The __ was published in 1997, introducing guidelines for practice with an emphasis on evidence-based treatment.

Guide to PT Practice.

The DPT (Doctor of Physical Therapy) became the only entry-level degree recognized in __.

2016.

One goal of Vision 2020 for physical therapists is to promote __ practice.

Autonomous.

Women started being recognized as members of the Army Medical Department during __.

World War II.

The first specialty exams for physical therapists were given in __.

1985.

The __ Act, passed in 1990, ensures civil rights for individuals with disabilities.

Americans with Disabilities.

In __, operation of compact licenses was expected to commence.

2018.

Sister Kenny's methods mainly emphasized __ re-education for muscle recovery.

Muscle.

The introduction of Medicaid is part of the __, a key piece of legislation for healthcare.

Social Security Amendments.

In the 1980s, Physical Therapy expanded into niche practices like __ health and work conditioning.

Women’s.

The APTA celebrated its __ birthday in 2021.

100th.

The __ of Pediatrics and Geriatrics were established as new sections within APTA's structure.

Sections.

APTA strongly advocates for patients' access to __ services without referrals.

Physical therapy.

__ is essential for safe and effective physical therapy practice, ensuring services are delivered equitably.

Accountability.

Subsequent to the COVID-19 pandemic, physical therapy practices had to swiftly adapt to _.

Telehealth.

Post-Polio Syndrome manifests significantly in the __ years after original polio infection.

Decades.

In 1937, physical therapy physicians started calling themselves __ as a recognized medical specialty.

Physiatrists.

By the end of the 1940s, physical therapy practices expanded in response to the needs of __ veterans.

Injured.

The APTA's Vision 2020 emphasizes practicing within a framework of __ evidence.

Theoretical.