Unit 8-cold war

Big three-

Big three-

The three great allied powers that consist of The United States,USSR,and Great Britain

Yalta conference

A meeting held during ww2,between feb 4 ,1945-feb 11,1945 by the heads of the state of the allied nations(stalin,roosevelt,and churchill).the purpose of this meeting was to plan out the occupation of post war germany

Potsdam conference

where the big three met to discuss the end of ww2 from july 17-august 2,1945

tehran conference

a strategy meeting of the big three from nov.28-dec.1st,that resulted in the western allies commitment to open a second western front against nazi germany

Cold war

a time in the 60s where the united states and russia were tense between each but didn’t directly fight earning it it’s name

fidel castro

prime minister/president of cuba from 1959-76. he established a communist state.

Nikita Khrushchev

(1894 - 1971) A Soviet statesman who became the first secretary of the Soviet Communist Party (1953 - 1964) after Joseph Stalin's death (1953). He initiated a policy to remove the influence of Stalin in 1956.

Joseph stalin

Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953.

John f kennedy

president during part of the cold war and especially during the superpower rivalry and the cuban missile crisis.January 20th,1961-november 22,1963

Harry S. Truman

American president from 1945-1952; less eager for smooth relations with the Soviet Union than Franklin Roosevelt; authorized use of the atomic bomb during WWII; architect of American diplomacy that initiated the Cold War.

United nations

created at the end of World War II as an international peacekeeping organization and a forum for resolving conflicts between nations.

Security council

main organ within the UN responsible for maintaining peace and security; composed of 5 permanent and 10 rotating members with two year terms elected by the General Assembly.

nato

military alliance originally established in 1949 to create a counterweight to Soviet armies stationed in central and eastern Europe after World War II.

warsaw pact

a mutual defense treaty between eight communist states of Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The founding treaty was established under the initiative of the Soviet Union and signed on 14 May 1955, in Warsaw.

communist bloc

the coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).

iron curtain

the imaginary line dividing Europe between Soviet influence and Western influence

Winston Churchill

The Prime Minister of Britain during most of WWII; his leadership was crucial for maintaining morale among British citizens during difficult times.

policy of containment

U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances.

marshall plan

U.S.-sponsored program designed to rehabilitate the economies of 17 western and southern European countries in order to create stable conditions in which democratic institutions could survive in the aftermath of World War II.

truman doctrine

established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces.

Berlin

capital of germany that was split amongst the allies after the end of ww2

Berlin Airlift

started on June 24, 1948, when Soviet forces blockaded rail, road, and water access to Allied-controlled areas of Berlin. The United States and United Kingdom responded by airlifting food and fuel to Berlin from Allied airbases in western Germany.

East Berlin

a state that existed from 1949 to 1990 when Germany was divided after World War II. It was considered part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War.soviet union took over this section

west germany

a republic consisting of the western two-thirds of what is now Germany. West Germany was created in 1949 when the United States, Great Britain, and France consolidated those zones, or portions, of Germany that they had occupied at the end of World War II.

Mao zedong

leader of the Chinese Communist Party and the founder of the People's Republic of China in 1949.

great leap forward

an attempt by China, under the direction of its leader, Mao Zedong, to make China into a modern industrial power

Five year plan

a set economic goals for the economy of the Soviet Union implemented in 1928-1932.

cultural revolution

an upheaval launched by Chinese Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong during his last decade in power (1966–1976) to renew the spirit of the Chinese Revolution.

Domino theory

theory adopted in U.S. foreign policy after World War II according to which the “fall” of a noncommunist state to communism would precipitate the fall of noncommunist governments in neighbouring states.

Atomic bomb

a bomb that derives its destructive power from the rapid release of nuclear energy by fission of heavy atomic nuclei, causing damage through heat, blast, and radioactivity./used on hiroshima and nagasaki during ww2

hydrogen bomb

a type of thermonuclear weapon that uses hydrogen fusion

totalitariaism

a form of government that attempts to assert total control over the lives of its citizens.

free market economic policies

an economic system where the law of supply and demand determines market prices

communism

Communism is a political and economic system in which the major productive resources in a society is divided among citizens equally or according to individual need.

socialism

A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

capitalism

an economic system in which the means of production of goods or services are privately owned and operated for a profit.ronald

ronald reagan

40th President of the United States (1981–1989). His presidency is often associated with supply-side economics, also known as "Reaganomics," and a hardline stance against the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

mikhail gorbachev

the last General Secretary of the Soviet Union, serving from 1985 until its dissolution in 1991.

seato

the organization was to prevent communism from gaining ground in the region.formed in south east asia

nuclear non-proliferation

the spread of nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons technology, or fissile material to countries that do not already possess them

strategic arms limitations treaty(SALT)

negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union that were aimed at curtailing the manufacture of strategic missiles capable of carrying nuclear weapons.

inf treaty

required the United States and the Soviet Union to eliminate and permanently forswear all of their nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with ranges of 500 to 5,500 kilometers.

satellites

machines that orbit the earth and can send info back to earth

mutually assured destruction (MAD)

principle of deterrence founded on the notion that a nuclear attack by one superpower would be met with an overwhelming nuclear counterattack such that both the attacker and the defender would be annihilated. nuclear weapon.

non-alignment movement

A movement of third world states, led by India and Yugoslavia, that attempted to stand apart from the US Soviet rivalry during the Cold War.

red guards

a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 until their abolishment in 1968,

tiananmen square

A huge public space in Beijing, China; in 1989, the site of a student uprising in support of democratic reforms that was crushed by Deng Xiaoping.

korean war

conflict between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in which at least 2.5 million persons lost their lives

vietnam war

a conflict that lasted from 1955 to 1975 and was fought primarily in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.

viet cong

the guerrilla force that, with the support of the North Vietnamese Army, fought against South Vietnam (late 1950s–1975) and the United States (early 1960s–1973).

vietminh

a Vietnamese organization led by Ho Chi Minh that first fought the Japanese and then the French (1941–54) in their attempt to achieve national independence

Ho Chi Minh

led the movement for Vietnamese independence from colonial powers, and is considered one of the most prominent revolutionaries of the 20th century. He was a founder of the Indochinese Communist Party and the League for the Independence of Vietnam

tet offensive

a coordinated series of North Vietnamese attacks against more than 100 cities and outposts in U.S.-supported areas

prague spring

a period of political liberalization and mass protest in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.

brezhnev doctrine

Moscow had the right to intervene in any country where a communist government had been threatened.

kent state university

A controversial incident in 1970, in which unarmed students demonstrating against United States involvement in the Vietnam War were fired on by panicky troops of the National Guard

berlin wall

barrier that surrounded West Berlin and prevented access to it from East Berlin and adjacent areas of East Germany during the period from 1961 to 1989

bay of pigs

failed invasion of cuba by the cia in 1961 of april 17th to the 19th of april.because of cuba’s ties to the soviet union and it being a communist country close to the U.S.

cuban missile crisis

a major confrontation in 1962 that brought the United States and the Soviet Union close to war over the presence of Soviet nuclear-armed ballistic missiles in Cuba.

detente

period of the easing of Cold War tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union from 1967 to 1979.

star wars

a program first initiated on March 23, 1983 under President Ronald Reagan. The intent of this program was to develop a sophisticated anti-ballistic missile system in order to prevent missile attacks from other countries, specifically the Soviet Union.

glasnost

Soviet policy of open discussion of political and social issues.

perestroika

a policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society.

afghan war

A conflict wherein insurgent groups ('mujahideen') fought against the Soviet Army and allied Afghan forces from 1979-1989.

icbm(intercontinental ballistic missiles )

first deployed by the United States in 1959 and continue to be a critical weapon in the American nuclear arsenal today. ICBMs have ranges between 6,000 to 9,300 miles, making virtually any target in the world vulnerable.

sputnik

First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.

space race

a Cold War competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to develop aerospace capabilities, including artificial satellites, unmanned space probes, and human spaceflight.

anti-nuclear weapons movement

originated with scientists who opposed the development and use of nuclear technologies as weapons of war during the 1940s.