Exploring Mixtures and Their Separation Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering scientific processes, alloys, and separation techniques from the lecture on mixtures.

Sublimation

The process where a substance, on heating, changes directly from the solid state to the vapour state without passing through the liquid state.

Deposition

The process where vapours condense back into a solid without becoming liquid upon cooling.

Dry ice

The solid form of carbon dioxide that undergoes sublimation and is used for ice cream storage.

Alloy

A homogeneous mixture of two or more metals, or a metal and a non-metal, produced to be stronger, more rigid, or more corrosion-resistant.

Brass

An alloy consisting of approximately $80\%$ copper and $20\%$ zinc.

Bronze

An alloy consisting of approximately $80\%$ copper and $20\%$ tin.

Stainless steel

An alloy of iron and other elements such as carbon ($0.03-0.8\%$), chromium ($16-18\%$), nickel ($10.0-14.0\%$), and molybdenum ($2.0-3.0\%$).

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture in which solid particles do not dissolve but remain suspended throughout the bulk of the medium and are visible to the naked eye.

Centrifugation

A process involving spinning a mixture in a tube at high speed, using centrifugal force to cause heavier particles to move outwards and settle at the bottom.

Centrifugal force

The outward force acting on a body moving in circular motion.

Phugadi

The name of a spinning folk dance in Marathi, similar to the motion used in centrifugation.

Kikli

The name of a spinning folk dance in Punjabi, similar to the motion used in centrifugation.

Panga salt

Salt obtained by boiling concentrated sea brines, an ancient process used by local communities in coastal areas of India.

Karkatch salt

Salt produced by the evaporation of sea water in the coastal areas of India.

Distillation

A process used to separate a homogeneous mixture of miscible liquids that differ in boiling point by at least about $25\,^\circ\text{C}$ through heating and cooling.

Acetone

A liquid with a boiling point of about $56\,^\circ\text{C}$ that can be separated from water ($100\,^\circ\text{C}$) using distillation.

Mitti ka Ittar

A natural perfume with an earthy fragrance captured in Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh, using traditional distillation methods.

Deg-Bhapka method

A traditional distillation method used in Kannauj for generations to extract fragrances and flavors from plants.

Fractional distillation

A process of separating components of a mixture with relatively small differences in boiling points, specifically less than $25\,^\circ\text{C}$.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

The gaseous fraction of crude petroleum filled in steel cylinders under high pressure for use as domestic fuel.