[DHBB 2025] Đề chính thức lớp 11 - Use of English

come into (hope)

(less common) To gain or acquire: Có được / đạt được.

Through innovation, society may come into new hope for reducing fashion waste.

hold out hope

To continue to have hope: Nuôi hy vọng.

We must hold out hope for a sustainable future in fashion.

unmitigated disaster

A complete, total disaster: Thảm họa hoàn toàn.

The overproduction of fast fashion has been an unmitigated disaster for rivers and oceans.

chart a way forward

To plan or map out a future course of action: Vạch ra một hướng đi.

Policymakers must chart a way forward for reducing fashion’s carbon footprint.

besotted with

Completely infatuated with or obsessed by something: Mê mẩn, đắm chìm.

Young people are often besotted with fashion trends despite their environmental cost.

bewildered

Confused or puzzled: Bối rối.

Many consumers feel bewildered by conflicting information about sustainable fashion.

bequeathed

To leave something (usually in a will): Để lại (trong di chúc).

She bequeathed her vintage clothing collection to the local fashion museum.

besmirched

To damage someone’s reputation: Bôi nhọ, làm hoen ố.

The brand’s image was besmirched by reports of poor working conditions.

unassailable

Impossible to doubt, question, or attack: Không thể bác bỏ.

The evidence about fashion’s environmental impact is unassailable.

invincible

Too powerful to be defeated: Bất khả chiến bại.

The global fast fashion giants seem invincible in the market.

inculpatory

Showing someone is guilty of wrongdoing: Buộc tội, chỉ ra tội lỗi.

The inculpatory evidence against major fashion brands revealed their use of child labor.

for half as long

For only half the time: Trong nửa khoảng thời gian.

Consumers now keep clothes for half as long as they did 20 years ago.

which in turn could reduce

As a result, leading to further reduction: Mà từ đó có thể giảm.

Reducing consumption could lower production, which in turn could reduce waste.

cracked up to be

As good as people say (often in negative): Được ca tụng / thổi phồng là.

Rental fashion may not be as eco-friendly as it’s cracked up to be.

consider all the energy needed

Think about the total energy required: Cân nhắc toàn bộ năng lượng cần thiết.

We must consider all the energy needed to transport, wash, and recycle clothes.

nonetheless

Despite this; nevertheless: Tuy nhiên, dẫu vậy.

The system is imperfect; nonetheless, it is a step towards sustainability.

idle question

A question that seems unimportant but may have significance: Câu hỏi tưởng vu vơ nhưng có ý nghĩa.

It may seem like an idle question, but it challenges our assumptions.

decode mysteries / decoding nature

To discover and understand hidden principles: Giải mã những bí ẩn.

Modern science is decoding the mysteries of human genetics.

Collocations: decode a message, decode signals.

bend nature to their will

To control or manipulate nature: Khuất phục tự nhiên theo ý muốn.

Technology has allowed humans to bend the natural world to their will.

dwindling stock (of …)

A gradually decreasing supply: Nguồn (….) ngày càng cạn kiệt.

Scientists worry about the dwindling stock of discoverable insights.

Collocations: dwindling resources, dwindling population.

scope for progress

Opportunity for improvement: Phạm vi/khả năng tiến bộ.

There is still considerable scope for progress in renewable energy.

Collocations: scope for growth, scope for development.

the well of imagination

The source of creativity: Kho tàng trí tưởng tượng.

Writers often draw from the deep well of imagination.

fruitless attempt/search

An effort with no result: Vô ích, không mang lại kết quả.

After years of fruitless search, the team abandoned the project.

Collocations: fruitless discussion, fruitless negotiation.

lackadaisical approach

Careless or lazy attitude: Thái độ hời hợt, thiếu nhiệt huyết.

The government’s lackadaisical approach to climate change has drawn criticism.

Collocations: lackadaisical attitude, lackadaisical response.

deterrent to (sth)

A factor that discourages action: Yếu tố cản trở.

High taxes act as a deterrent to innovation in small businesses.

Collocations: deterrent factor, deterrent effect.

competitive pressures

Forces of competition pushing improvement: Áp lực cạnh tranh.

Companies face intense competitive pressures in the global market.

Collocations: face competitive pressures, intense competitive pressures.

discoverable (a)

Able to be found or identified: Có thể khám phá được.

The telescope revealed new galaxies once not thought discoverable.

Collocations: discoverable evidence, discoverable truth.

primitive (a)

Relating to an early stage; basic: Nguyên thủy, sơ khai.

Primitive methods of farming are still used in some regions.

Collocations: primitive tools, primitive society.

prospect (n)

The possibility of something happening: Viễn cảnh, triển vọng.

Graduates have bright prospects in the renewable energy sector.

Collocations: job prospect, economic prospect, dismal prospect.

run dry (idiom)

To be used up or exhausted: Cạn kiệt, hết sạch.

Their patience began to run dry after months of delay.

Collocations: resources run dry, imagination runs dry.

flagging (a)

Becoming weaker or less effective: Suy yếu, giảm sút.

The flagging demand for fossil fuels signals a shift in energy use.

Collocations: flagging economy, flagging energy.

apply pressure (to)

To force or encourage action: Gây áp lực, thúc ép.

Environmental groups are applying pressure to companies to cut emissions.

Collocations: apply pressure on/to sb.

disappointing wage growth

Slower salary increase than expected: Tăng trưởng lương gây thất vọng.

Disappointing wage growth has deepened income inequality.

persistently high (rates)

Continuing for a long time: Duy trì cao liên tục.

Many countries suffer from persistently high unemployment rates.

Collocations: persistently high inflation, persistently high costs.

plough into (sth)

To invest heavily: Đầu tư mạnh mẽ.

Governments are ploughing into renewable energy research.

Collocations: plough into education, plough into advertising.

exploit discoveries

To make full use of findings: Khai thác/ứng dụng khám phá.

Scientists are eager to exploit discoveries in nanotechnology.

Collocations: exploit resources, exploit knowledge.

code (n) - decode (v)

The act of solving or interpreting something hidden: Giải mã, giải thích.
~ing signals, ~ing mysteries, ~ing messages.
~ing ancient scripts requires both patience and creativity.

correspond (v) - correspondingly (adv)

In a way that is directly related to something else: Tương ứng, phù hợp.
~ higher, ~ lower, ~ less.
If costs increase, prices will ~ rise.

fruit (n) - fruitless (adj)

Producing no useful result: Vô ích, không mang lại kết quả.
~ attempt, ~ search, prove ~.
Their negotiations proved ~ despite months of effort.

deter (v) - deterrent (n)

A factor that prevents or discourages action: Sự ngăn cản, rào cản, yếu tố làm nản lòng.
~ effect, ~ factor, ~ to crime.
Strict penalties act as a strong ~ to corruption.

compete (v) - competitive (adj)

Related to rivalry between companies in the market: Mang tính cạnh tranh.
~ advantage, ~ market, ~ pressures.
Firms must innovate constantly to survive in a highly ~ environment.

lackadaisical (adj)

Showing little enthusiasm, energy, or effort: Hời hợt, uể oải, thiếu quyết tâm.
~ approach, ~ attitude, ~ response.
The government’s ~ approach to public health drew heavy criticism.

light particles

Tiny packets of light energy (photons): hạt ánh sáng (photon).
Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology allow scientists to manipulate ~ more efficiently to generate renewable electricity.

knock electrons out of bonds

To dislodge electrons from stable atomic positions: đánh bật electron ra khỏi liên kết.
High-energy photons are capable of ~ing, initiating the process of solar power generation.

on their journey back to stability

Metaphorical phrase describing return to balance: quay về trạng thái ổn định.
Electrons release usable energy ~, making photovoltaic cells an effective power source.

wavelengths of light

Distance between two light waves, determining color/energy: bước sóng ánh sáng.
Current solar panels cannot fully capture all ~, limiting overall efficiency and potential energy output.

anti-reflective coatings

Special surface layer preventing reflection: lớp phủ chống phản xạ.
The application of ~ significantly enhances solar panel efficiency by preventing valuable photons from bouncing away.

commercial efficiency

Effectiveness in real market conditions: hiệu suất thương mại.
Although experimental panels achieve record-breaking performance, their ~ remains constrained by manufacturing costs and durability issues.

experimental models

Prototypes designed for testing new technology: mô hình thử nghiệm.
~ of next-generation solar panels have demonstrated nearly double the efficiency of current commercial products.

global supply chains

Worldwide networks for production and distribution: chuỗi cung ứng toàn cầu.
~ for semiconductor materials have played a crucial role in reducing renewable energy costs worldwide.

cheapest source of electricity

Most affordable form of power generation: nguồn điện rẻ nhất.
Solar power has rapidly become the ~, outcompeting coal and natural gas in most regions.

thanks in part to

Partly because of: một phần nhờ vào.
The rapid adoption of solar energy was possible ~ substantial government subsidies and private-sector innovation.