APUSH Terms Review

Flashcards for reviewing APUSH terms and their significance.

_, 1607: First permanent English settlement in North America. Significance: Started the British colonization of the Americas.

First permanent English settlement in North America

_, 1620: Agreement for self-government by Pilgrims. Significance: Early example of democratic government.

Agreement for self-government by Pilgrims.

_ , 1773: Protest against British tea taxes. Significance: Led to Intolerable Acts, uniting colonies.

Protest against British tea taxes.

_ , 1776 (Thomas Paine): Pamphlet encouraging independence from Britain. Significance: Inspired widespread support for revolution.

Pamphlet encouraging independence from Britain.

_ , 1791: First 10 amendments to the Constitution. Significance: Protected individual rights.

First 10 amendments to the Constitution.

_ , 1798: Laws that restricted immigrants and speech. Significance: Seen as abuse of federal power.

Laws that restricted immigrants and speech.

_ , 1803: Supreme Court case establishing judicial review. Significance: Strengthened federal judiciary.

Supreme Court case establishing judicial review.

_ , 1803: U.S. bought land from France, doubling its size. Significance: Expanded U.S. territory westward.

U.S. bought land from France, doubling its size.

_ , 1807: Halted all U.S. exports. Significance: Hurt U.S. economy, failed to stop British/French aggression.

Halted all U.S. exports.

_ , 1815: Economic plan by Henry Clay for national growth. Significance: Promoted infrastructure, tariffs, and a national bank.

Economic plan by Henry Clay for national growth.

_ , 1820: Missouri slave, Maine free, no slavery above 36°30’. Significance: Delayed sectional conflict over slavery.

Missouri slave, Maine free, no slavery above 36°30’.

_ , 1823: U.S. opposed European colonization in Americas. Significance: Asserted U.S. influence in Western Hemisphere.

U.S. opposed European colonization in Americas.

_ , 1838: Forced removal of Cherokee to west. Significance: Thousands died; highlighted cruelty of Indian policy.

Forced removal of Cherokee to west.

_ , 1845: Belief in U.S. expansion coast-to-coast. Significance: Justified westward expansion and conflicts.

Belief in U.S. expansion coast-to-coast.

_ , 1846: War over Texas and western lands. Significance: U.S. gained huge territory (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo).

War over Texas and western lands.

_ , 1848: First women’s rights meeting. Significance: Started women’s suffrage movement.

First women’s rights meeting.

_ , 1852 (Stowe): Anti-slavery novel. Significance: Increased Northern opposition to slavery.

Anti-slavery novel.

_ , 1854: Created to oppose slavery expansion. Significance: Became Lincoln’s party, led to Civil War era changes.

Created to oppose slavery expansion.

_ , 1857: Ruled slaves weren’t citizens. Significance: Made slavery legal in all territories.

Ruled slaves weren’t citizens.

_ , 1860–61: 11 Southern states left the Union. Significance: Led to Civil War.

11 Southern states left the Union.

_ , 1862: Gave free land to settlers. Significance: Encouraged Western expansion.

Gave free land to settlers.

_ , 1863: Freed slaves in Confederate states. Significance: Changed war goal to ending slavery.

Freed slaves in Confederate states.

_ , 1865: Helped freed slaves with jobs, education, etc. Significance: First major federal welfare agency.

Helped freed slaves with jobs, education, etc.

_ , 1868: Citizenship and equal protection. Significance: Protected rights of formerly enslaved people.

Citizenship and equal protection.

_ , 1869: Linked East and West coasts. Significance: Boosted trade, settlement.

Linked East and West coasts.

_ , 1886: Labor protest turned violent. Significance: Hurt labor movement image.

Labor protest turned violent.

_ , 1890 (Riis): Exposed poverty in NYC tenements. Significance: Inspired housing and social reforms.

Exposed poverty in NYC tenements.

_ , 1896: “Separate but equal” is legal. Significance: Legalized segregation.

“Separate but equal” is legal.

_ , 1909: Civil rights organization. Significance: Fought against racial discrimination.

Civil rights organization.

_ , 1920: Gave women the right to vote. Significance: Major win for women’s suffrage.

Gave women the right to vote.

_ , 1932: Veterans demanded WWI bonuses early. Significance: Showed Depression’s impact.

Veterans demanded WWI bonuses early.

_ , 1933: FDR’s economic recovery programs. Significance: Increased federal government role.

FDR’s economic recovery programs.

_ , 1935: Drought and dust storms in Great Plains. Significance: Forced migration, farm reform.

Drought and dust storms in Great Plains.

_ , 1935: Created pensions and unemployment insurance. Significance: Laid foundation for welfare state.

Created pensions and unemployment insurance.

_ , 1941: Japanese attack on U.S. base. Significance: U.S. entered WWII.

Japanese attack on U.S. base.

_ , 1942: Forced relocation of Japanese Americans. Significance: Violated civil rights during wartime.

Forced relocation of Japanese Americans.

_ , 1946: Churchill speech about Soviet threat. Significance: Started Cold War rhetoric.

Churchill speech about Soviet threat.

_ , 1947: U.S. will help countries resist communism. Significance: Started policy of containment.

U.S. will help countries resist communism.

_ , 1954: Ended legal school segregation. Significance: Civil Rights Movement victory.

Ended legal school segregation.

_ , 1956: Built national road system. Significance: Boosted economy, encouraged suburbs.

Built national road system.

_ , 1960: Peaceful protest at segregated lunch counters. Significance: Inspired more nonviolent civil rights actions.

Peaceful protest at segregated lunch counters.

_ , 1962: U.S.-Soviet nuclear standoff. Significance: Avoided war, eased tensions.

U.S.-Soviet nuclear standoff.

_ , 1963: Civil rights protest; MLK’s “I Have a Dream.” Significance: Pushed for Civil Rights Act.

Civil rights protest; MLK’s “I Have a Dream.”

_ , 1965: Banned racial voting barriers. Significance: Increased Black voter participation.

Banned racial voting barriers.

_ , 1968: Surprise attack by North Vietnam. Significance: Turned U.S. public against Vietnam War.

Surprise attack by North Vietnam.

_ , 1968: Civil rights leader killed. Significance: Sparked riots, loss of unity.

Civil rights leader killed.

_ , 1969: Armstrong walked on the moon. Significance: U.S. won space race.

Armstrong walked on the moon.

_ , 1969: Nixon’s plan to withdraw U.S. troops. Significance: Shifted war burden to South Vietnam.

Nixon’s plan to withdraw U.S. troops.

_ , 1971: Leaked government Vietnam secrets. Significance: Eroded public trust in government.

Leaked government Vietnam secrets.

_ , 1973: Legalized abortion. Significance: Major women’s rights case.

Legalized abortion.

_ , 1979–81: Americans held in Iran for 444 days. Significance: Hurt Carter’s presidency.

Americans held in Iran for 444 days.

_ , 1987: U.S. secretly sold arms to Iran. Significance: Damaged Reagan administration.

U.S. secretly sold arms to Iran.

_ , 1989: East and West Berlin reunited. Significance: Symbolic end of Cold War.

East and West Berlin reunited.

_ in 1990s: Global computer network. Significance: Revolutionized communication and business.

Global computer network.

_ , 1991: U.S. led attack on Iraq. Significance: Protected oil, showed U.S. power.

U.S. led attack on Iraq.

_ , 2000: Fear of computer crash at year 2000. Significance: Highlighted tech dependency.

Fear of computer crash at year 2000.

_ , 2001: Terrorists attacked U.S. Significance: Led to War on Terror.

Terrorists attacked U.S.

_ , 2005: Massive storm hit New Orleans. Significance: Exposed disaster response failures.

Massive storm hit New Orleans.

_ , 2008: First Black U.S. president. Significance: Symbol of progress and change.

First Black U.S. president.

_ , 2013: Struck down part of DOMA. Significance: Expanded rights for same-sex couples.

Struck down part of DOMA.

_ (Reagan): Tax cuts for rich to boost economy. Significance: Criticized for favoring the wealthy.

Tax cuts for rich to boost economy.

_ of 1981: Major tax cuts. Significance: Started Reaganomics.

Major tax cuts.

_ Presidency: 1981–1989 conservative leadership. Significance: Ended Cold War, boosted military.

1981–1989 conservative leadership.

_ : First female Supreme Court justice. Significance: Broke gender barrier in judiciary.

First female Supreme Court justice.

_ U.S. Economic Rivals: Japan and West Germany. Significance: Challenged U.S. dominance.

Japan and West Germany.

_ Members: U.S., UK, France, Germany, Italy, Canada, Japan, Russia. Significance: World’s top economic powers.

U.S., UK, France, Germany, Italy, Canada, Japan, Russia.

Why _ was created: Remove trade barriers in North America. Significance: Boosted trade but controversial.

Remove trade barriers in North America.

_ Countries: U.S., Canada, Mexico. Significance: Linked North American economies.

U.S., Canada, Mexico.

What helped _ in 1990s: Internet and digital tech. Significance: Spread of global markets.

Internet and digital tech.

_ (1991): Made the internet accessible. Significance: Connected world rapidly.

Made the internet accessible.

_ Act of 1965: Ended quotas based on nationality. Significance: Increased non-European immigration.

Ended quotas based on nationality.

_ on multiculturalism (1990s): Feared loss of shared national identity. Significance: Sparked debates over immigration and education.

Feared loss of shared national identity.

Purpose of _ Act (2001): Strengthen anti-terror powers. Significance: Expanded surveillance, debated civil liberties.

Strengthen anti-terror powers.

_ Supreme Court Appointments: Added liberal justices like Sotomayor and Kagan. Significance: Shifted Court's ideological balance.

Added liberal justices like Sotomayor and Kagan.