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Altered State of Consciousness
A mental state differing significantly from normal waking consciousness, often experienced during sleep, meditation, or drug use
Circadian rhythm
The biological clock regulating sleep-wake cycles, roughly 24 hours
Consciousness
Awareness of internal and external stimuli, including thoughts
Dreams
A series of thoughts, images, or emotions occurring during sleep, often in REM sleep
Insomnia
Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting full sleep
Narcolepsy
A sleep disorder characterized by sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often directly into REM sleep
Nightmares
Frightening or unpleasant dreams, often happening in REM sleep
Non-REM sleep
sleep stages 1-3, characterized by slower brain activity and no rapid eye movement
REM behavior disorder
A condition where individuals act out their dreams, typically due to lack of muscle paralysis during REM sleep
REM sleep
A stage of sleep with rapid eye movement and vivid dreaming, where brain is active but the body is paralyzed
sleep apnea
a disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, leading to poor sleep quality
sleep need
the amount of sleep required for optimal physical and mental health varying by individual
sleep stages
the phases of sleep, including light sleep (stages 1-2), deep sleep (stage 3) and REM sleep
sleep terrors
episodes of intense fear, screaming, or thrashing during non-REM sleep, typically without recollection
sleepwalking
performing activities while asleep, typically during deep non-REM sleep
theories of sleep
explanations for why we sleep, including restorative theories (repair body and brain) and evolutionary theories (adaptive for survival
