Fundamentals of Chemistry Part 2

It is the distance covered by a line segment connecting two points. The standard unit of length in metric and SI units is the meter.

Length

What is the device used to measure more extended objects made up of plastic, wood, metal, etc.

Ruler

In centimeter measurement, there are how many divisions…? And each is read as 1/10 or 0.1 cm.

10 divisions

In inches measurement, there are how many divisions…? And each is read as 1/16 or 0.0625.

16 divisions

It is an instrument that measures the internal diameter as well as the external diameter and distances of the object. This device takes more precise measurements than the regular ruler.

Vernier Caliper

he ruler has a sensitivity of 0.01 cm, while the vernier caliper has a sensitivity of?

0.005 cm

No zero error

Positive zero error

Negative zero error

It is a small measuring device that works on the screw principle and is used for measuring dimensions smaller than those measured by the vernier caliper. This device has a sensitivity of 0.001 mm and is more precise than using a vernier caliper.

Micrometer Caliper/Screw Gauge

No zero error

Positive zero error

Negative zero error

The ____ of plane figures or solids is the number of unit squares that can be contained within it.

Area

It is defined in terms of standard length. Cubic meter (m3 ) is the standard SI-derived unit. It is the volume of a cube that is exactly one meter on edge.

Volume

It is a non-SI unit of volume that is equal to 1000 mL or 1000 cc. Regular Solid

1 Liter or liter

The volume of an irregularly shaped object is determined by…?

Water displacement

Water displacement is done by:

1. Placing the material in a graduated cylinder with a known volume of water

2. The material will displace a volume of water equal to the volume of material

3. An increase in volume is the volume of the material

It is defined as the ratio of the samples’ mass to its volume.

Density or p

Liquid Volume Measuring Devices:

1. Beakers and Flasks

2. Graduated Cylinders

3. Burette

4. Pipette

When the liquid is poured into the cylinder, the volume is read from the scale on the side. To read the volume of the liquid accurately the base of the measuring cylinder must be placed on flat surface and eye must be leveled with the bottom of the…?

Meniscus

The surface of the liquid curves upwards at the point where it touches the inside of the cylinder. This curvature is called the…?

Meniscus

Error due to incorrect positioning of eyes

Parallax Error

It denotes the ratio of a substance's density to a reference substance's density

Specific gravity

It is usually used as the reference substance for solids and liquids.

Water

Common reference substances used in specifying the specific gravity of gases are…?

1. Air

2. Hydrogen

Specific gravity tells us how many times as heavy as a liquid, a solid, or a gas is compared to the?

Reference material

It is the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.

Temperature

Temperature is measured using a…?

Thermometer

The thermometer contains liquids, which ____ when heated.

Expand

It refers to how closely individual measurements agree with each other. It is usually expressed in terms of percent deviation.

Precision

It refers to how closely a measured value agrees with the correct value for a specific physical quantity. It is expressed in terms of percent error.

Accuracy

It is the difference between the measured value (M o ) and the mean (M) for the set of several measurements.

Absolute deviation (AD)

It is the actual difference between the measured value and the accepted value.

Absolute error (AE)

It can also be obtained by the absolute difference between the accepted value (or true value) and the average measurement (or average experiment value) divide by the accepted valu

Percent Error