Motor Learning Exam 1 (Yao)

Walking is an example of which of the following terms?

Action

If motor skill requires the use of large musculature but does not require precision of movement for succesful performance, then the skill would be best classified as?

Gross motor skill

Which of the following skills is a discrete motor skill?

Striking a typewriter key

Shifting from second to third gear in a car is an example of which type of motor skill?

Serial motor skill

Motor skills that require the performer to initiate action on an object according to the object's action are best categorized as...?

Open motor skill

Which term is sometimes used synonymous with the term closed motor skills?

Self-paced motor skill

Gentiles taxonomy of motor skills includes which of the following factors as part of the "environmental context" dimension?

Intertrial Variability

Which of the following skill category distinctions has become popular in textbooks relate to methods of teaching motor skills?

Open vs. Closed motor skill

Returning a serve in tennis is an example of which of the following types of motor skills?

Open motor skill

According to Gentile's taxonomy of motor skills, which of the following describes the most complex skill?

Regulatory conditions in motion; object manipulated

An example of an open motor skill is?

catching a thrown ball

An example of a gross motor skill is?

walking, jumping

If motor skills are classified to the stability of the environment, blowing would be placed in the category of ______ motor skills.

Closed

Walking in a crowded mall makes walking a(n) ________ motor skill

Open

Serial skills are a form of discrete skills. What is an example of a serial motor skill?

Shifting gears in a stick shift car

Archery and piano playing are two quite different skills, yet they can both be classified as _______________ motor skills when the classification system is based on the stability of the environment.

Closed

Whether or not an object must be manipulated is a skill characteristic in Gentile's taxonomy of motor skills that is included in the __________ dimension of the taxonomy.

Action function

Shooting a free throw in basketball is an example of an open motor skill

False

Running is an example of a gross motor skill

True

If motor skills are classified according to the stability of the environment, bowling would be placed in the category of closed motor skills

True

When we walk in a crowded mall we perform a closed motor skill

False

If motor skills are classified according to the stability of the environment, removing groceries from a shopping bag would be placed in the category of closed motor skills.

True

Typing a word on a keyboard is an example of a serial motor skill

True

The size of a pen that a person uses to write is an example of a regulatory condition that will determine the movements required for the handwriting action.

True

Whether or not an object must be manipulated is a skill characteristic in Gentiles taxonomy of motor skills that is included in the "environmental context" dimension of the taxonomy.

False

Reaction time is the interval of time between which two events?

Stimulus sign and the initiation of the response

Which type of reaction time situation occurs when there are several signals but only one response is to be made to one signal, and other signals are ignored and no response made?

Discrimination RT

Which of the following error measure evaluates a person's performance consistency during a series of trials?

Variable Error (VE)

Which of the following error measures evaluates a person's overall accuracy during a series of trails?

Absolute Error (AE)

To determine when a muscle begins to become active, a reasearcher would use which of the following meausrements methods?

Electromyography (EMG)

The spatial position of a limb movement during a specified time period is called?

Displacement

The measures of motion known as displacement, velocity, and acceleration are included in the more general term known as?

Kinematics

The term kinetics refers to which of the following as a cause of motion?

Force

When the cerebral cortex is active, the EEG recording will show which of the following waves?

Beta

Which of the following brain activity measure techniques realigns the body's hydrogen atoms and can provide extraordinarily clear 2-D and 3-D images of the brain?

fMRI

The interval of time between the initiation and completion of movement is called _________.

Movement time (MT)

A person had the following error scores for a series of 5 trails: +5, -3, +8, +18, -6. the average absolute error (AE) score is _______

8

Variable error is an indicator of a person's performance ___________ when performing a skill that requires hitting a target.

Consistency

The kinematics measure of motor performance that describes the speeding up and slowing down of a movement is called _________.

Acceleration

the method of recording electrical activity in the muscles during movement is called _______.

EMG

If you want to describe the movement of an object in a straight line, the type of motion you would describe is referred to as _________.

Linear

Force can be calculated from the kinematics of a movement if you know the mass of the moving object and the _______ of the movement.

Acceleration

The rotary force of body segments around their joints axes is knows as joint ________.

Torque

The brain activity measurement technique that shows blood flow in the brain is knows as ______.

PET

The calculation of __________ provides an objective measure of the coordination between two limbs of limb segments by comparing the specific location of each limb or limb segments in one cycle of a cyclic movement.

Relative Phase

Simple RT involves one signal and more than one possible response.

False

Constant Error (CE) refers to a person's performance bias during a series of trials

True

Radial error (RE) would be the appropriate general accuracy measure to assess the accuracy of a golf put.

True

When a performance score is recorded as m/sec, the performance measure is velocity.

True

If you move your arms forward and backwards several times at the same time, the phase relationship between them is 0 degrees.

True

The term ability refers to?

An individual capacity that underlies performance

The general motor ability hypothesis proposes that individuals have?

Many specific motor abilities that are highly related to each other

Research has demonstrated that static and dynamic balance abilities are?

Independent motor abilities

Research has shown that the ability to precisely time movements is?

Task specific

Research has demonstrated that reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) are?

Independent motor abilities

To develop his taxonomy of humans perceptual-motor abilities, Fleishman?

Gave an extensive battery of tests to many people

The ability to make the skillful hand movements involved in manipulating objects is known as

Manual dexterity

The difference between static balance and dynamic balance is that dynamic balance?

Involves locomotion, static balance does not

In addition to identifying perceptual-motor abilities, Fleishman also identified abilities that he designated as?

Physical proficiency abilities

The hypothesis that proposes the many motor abilities that characterize people are highly related to each other is knows as the ___________ motor ability hypothesis.

General

The ability to coordinate the movement of a number of limbs simultaneously is known as ___________.

Multi-limb coordination

The ability to make skillful, well-directed arm-hand movements that involves manipulation objects rather quickly is known as ____________.

Manual dexterity

The ability to visually follow a moving object is called ____________.

Visual tracking

Rather than differing in terms of having or not having certain abilities, people differ in the ____________ of each of the various identifiable abilities.

Amount

The term ability and skill should be considered synonymous.

False

Research showing the low correlation between reaction time (RT) and movement (MT) supports the general motor ability hypothesis.

False

Timing ability is typically specific to the requirements of the skill being performed.

True

Visual acuity is one of the perceptual-motor abilities that Fleishman did not include in his taxonomy.

True

In Fleishman's taxonomy, the ability to rapidly and accurately move the hand to a small target is known as finger dexterity.

False

A task analysis is an essential part of identifying the motor abilities that underlie the performance of any motor skill.

True