Krashen’s hypothesis

Who was Krashen?

• linguist and educational researcher.

• Invented the theory of second language acquisition with 5 hypothesis.

Give the 5 hypothesis of Krashen

• Acquisition vs learning .

• Natural order hypothesis.

• Monitor hypothesis

• input hypothesis. (I+1)

• Affective filter hypothesis.

Acquisition vs learning hypothesis.

• 2 ways in which communication in a second language develops: language acquisition (subconscious process) and language learning ( conscious process)

• He points out that we learn primarily in a natural and subconscious process.

Monitor hypothesis

• Learners acquire grammatical structures in a natural order, but conscious language rules are not developed until later.

• Once a student has conscious knowledge of grammatical structures, they are able to edit or self- monitor oral and written language.

Natural order

• Learners acquire the rules of a language in a predictable sequence.”What is learned early in one language is learned early by others.

Comprehensible input

• Learners will best acquire language when geven appropriate input. Is is easy to understand but still challenges the learner to infer meaning just beyond their level of language competente. (I+1)

• Vygotsky’s zone of proximaal development supports this. (Zone van naaste ontwikkeling)

Affective filter

Learners require an environment where they feel safe to take risks necessary to learn the language. A learner’s emotional state will affect their receptiveness to comprehensible input.