CNS - Exam 3
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15 Terms
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CNS
composed of the brain and spinal cord - "supercomputer"
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the brain
regions and structures of the brain along with their important functions
cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
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the spinal cord
structures in the SC and their important functions
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sulcus
groove
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gyrus
ridge
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gray matter
nerve bodies and unmyelinated neurons
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white matter
dense collection of myelinated neurons
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Cerebral cortex
"executive suite"
site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding
40% of mass of brain
site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding
40% of mass of brain
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Brain stem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
controls automatic behaviors necessary for survival
contains fiber tracts connecting higher and lower neural centers
controls automatic behaviors necessary for survival
contains fiber tracts connecting higher and lower neural centers
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cerebellum
11% of brain mass
processes input from cortex, brain stem, and sensory receptors to provide precise, coordinated movements of skeletal muscles
major role in balance
processes input from cortex, brain stem, and sensory receptors to provide precise, coordinated movements of skeletal muscles
major role in balance
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cerebellar processing
fine-tunes motor activity
1. receives impulses from cerebral cortex of intent to initiate voluntary muscle contraction
2. cerebellar cortex calculates the best way to smoothly coordinate muscle contraction
3. sends "blueprint" of coordinated movement to cerebral motor cortex and brain stem nuclei
1. receives impulses from cerebral cortex of intent to initiate voluntary muscle contraction
2. cerebellar cortex calculates the best way to smoothly coordinate muscle contraction
3. sends "blueprint" of coordinated movement to cerebral motor cortex and brain stem nuclei
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functional brain systems
networks of neurons that work together but span wide areas of brain
limbic system
reticular system
limbic system
reticular system
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limbic system
interacts with prefrontal lobes
allows us to react emotionally to things we consciously understand to be happening
makes us consciously aware of emotional richness in our lives
involves hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygladoid body
large part of emotional or affective brain
puts emotional responses to odors
most output via hypothalamus
allows us to react emotionally to things we consciously understand to be happening
makes us consciously aware of emotional richness in our lives
involves hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygladoid body
large part of emotional or affective brain
puts emotional responses to odors
most output via hypothalamus
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amygladoid body (limbic)
recognizes angry or fearful facial expressions, assesses danger, and elicits fear response
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reticular system (RAS)
sends impulses to cerebral cortex to keep it conscious and alert
filters out repetitive, familiar, or weak stimuli
inhibited by sleep centers, alcohol, drugs
severe injury can result in permanent unconsciousness (coma)
filters out repetitive, familiar, or weak stimuli
inhibited by sleep centers, alcohol, drugs
severe injury can result in permanent unconsciousness (coma)