Year 9 Geography Exam Preparation

Flashcards for Year 9 Geography Exam Preparation - Key Concepts

Earth's four main spheres

The four main interconnected systems: lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

Biome

A large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat, e.g., forest or tundra. Characteristics include dominant vegetation, climate, location, and animal adaptations.

Forests

Biomes characterized by trees, including tropical, temperate, and boreal forests.

Tundra

A treeless biome characterized by permafrost, low temperatures, and short growing seasons.

Grasslands

Biomes dominated by grasses and herbaceous plants, including savannas and prairies.

Deserts

Biomes characterized by arid conditions and specialized plants and animals adapted to conserve water.

Fresh water (biome)

Aquatic biomes including lakes, rivers, and streams, characterized by fresh water with low salt concentration.

Marine (biome)

Aquatic biomes including oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries, characterized by high salt concentration.

Influence of latitude and altitude on a biome’s climate/features

The distance of a location from the equator, influencing temperature and climate. Altitude affect climate by temperature decreasing with increasing height.

Spatial distribution of biomes

The geographic arrangement of biomes across the Earth's surface.

Biomes in Australia

The biomes found within Australia, such as deserts, grasslands, and forests.

Climate graphs

Graphs showing the average temperature and precipitation of a specific location over a year, used to represent a biome's climate.

Human impacts on biomes

The effects of human activities on biomes, including deforestation, pollution, and climate change. How humans modify biomes for agriculture, urbanization, and resource extraction.

Globalisation

The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through flows of goods, services, capital, information, and people. 'Interconnection' refers to the linkages and relationships between people and places.

Pros and Cons of Globalisation

Advantages and disadvantages of globalisation, including economic growth, cultural exchange, environmental impacts, and inequality.

Consumerism and supply chains

The cultural emphasis on acquiring goods and services, and the processes involved in producing and distributing these goods.

The digital divide

The gap between those who have access to digital technologies and the Internet and those who do not.

Tourism

The activity of traveling for pleasure or business, and its impacts on economies, cultures, and environments.

Zara case study

A fast fashion company used as an example to study globalisation, supply chains, and consumerism.