Comprehensive STD and Vaccine Knowledge for Health Professionals

What disease was eliminated by vaccines?

Smallpox

Which diseases have seen significant reductions due to vaccines?

Tetanus, Polio, Pertussis, Measles, HIB, Diphtheria, Rubella, Mumps

What type of vaccine is used for measles, mumps, and rubella?

Live vaccines

What is the transmission method for measles?

Transmitted via the respiratory system

What is the average number of deaths per year from measles in the US before vaccination?

450 deaths/year

What is the fecal-oral transmission disease mentioned in the notes?

Polio

What is the recommended vaccination schedule for Hepatitis B?

3 doses: 2nd dose 1 month after 1st dose, 3rd dose 5 months after 2nd dose

What is the annual recommendation for influenza vaccination?

Single dose annually

What are the vaccination requirements for individuals born after 1957 regarding MMR?

No past immunization or no serologic evidence of immunity requires vaccination.

What is the recommended vaccination for Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis (Tdap)?

Two doses 4 weeks apart for those with no past receipt of Tdap.

What is the incubation period for monkeypox (mpox)?

3-17 days, usually symptoms begin after 3 weeks of exposure.

What are common symptoms of monkeypox?

Flu-like symptoms followed by a rash that appears as pimples and blisters.

What is the effectiveness of vaccination in preventing monkeypox infections?

78% effective

What federal requirement exists regarding vaccine information statements?

They must be given at each injection/vaccination.

What is the purpose of the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program?

To provide free vaccines to providers, expand availability, and improve reporting.

What legal requirement exists for Alabama schools regarding immunization?

A Certificate of immunization is required, with medical and religious exemptions allowed.

What is the primary transmission method for Ebola?

Contact transmission through blood and body fluids.

What is the main symptom of the Zika virus?

Illness related to dengue and yellow fever with potential long-term problems like microcephaly.

What is the significance of herd immunity?

It is important for protecting the population from vaccine-preventable diseases.

What are the common symptoms of Chikungunya?

Fever and joint pain.

What is the primary concern regarding older vaccines for pertussis?

They were not given after age 7 due to neuro side effects.

What is the recommended booster interval for Tdap?

Every 10 years.

What is the transmission method for the Type A flu virus?

Can infect both humans and animals.

What is the treatment for early-stage monkeypox?

Supportive care and pain control.

What is the significance of serologic testing after vaccination?

To confirm immunity after completion of the vaccine series.

What is the primary method of prevention for flu viruses?

Good hygiene practices, including hand washing.

What is the difference between an STD and an STI?

STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease) is symptomatic, while STI (Sexually Transmitted Infection) can be asymptomatic.

What are some common STDs that are legally required to be reported in Alabama?

Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Chlamydia, HIV, and Chancroid.

Why are some STDs like herpes and warts not reportable?

They are not reportable because reporting does not provide a beneficial effect for public health.

What is the rank of Alabama in the nation for STDs as of 2018?

Alabama is ranked #11 in the nation for STDs.

What are the invasion sites for STDs?

Genital, urinary, and any mucosal surface (anus/rectum, eye, pharynx, mouth).

What are common clinical presentations of STDs?

Urogenital discharge, ulcerations, rashes, and blisters.

What is the treatment for Gonorrhea?

Ceftriaxone 250mg IM plus Azithromycin 1g PO.

What is the treatment for Chlamydia?

Azithromycin 1g PO as a single dose or Doxycycline 100mg PO twice daily for 7 days.

What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) and its complication rate?

PID occurs in approximately 20% of untreated women and can lead to scarring and infertility.

What is Trichomoniasis and its causative agent?

Trichomoniasis is the most prevalent nonviral STI in the US, caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

What are the signs and symptoms of Trichomoniasis in females?

Vaginal discharge and itching.

What is the treatment for Trichomoniasis?

Metronidazole 2g as a single dose or Metronidazole 500mg PO twice daily for 7 days.

What is Candida Vaginitis and how is it treated?

A common infection treated with antifungals such as fluconazole.

What are the stages of Syphilis?

Primary (chancre), Secondary (rash), Latent (no symptoms), and Late (symptomatic with neurological damage).

What is the causative agent of Syphilis?

Treponema pallidum, a spirochete.

What is the treatment for Syphilis?

Benzathine Penicillin G 2.4 million units IM as a single dose.

What are the complications associated with Herpes?

Complications are rare but include congenital infections and social repercussions.

What is the treatment for Herpes?

Acyclovir, with the focus on suppression rather than cure.

What is Chancroid and its treatment?

Chancroid is a rare STD treated with antibiotics, but specific treatment details are not provided.

What causes genital warts and how are they treated?

Genital warts are caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and are treated by removal methods.

What vaccines are available for HPV?

Gardasil and Cervarix, which prevent certain strains of HPV associated with cancer.

What is the impact of Crab lice and Scabies?

Crab lice cause itching and are not disease-transmitting, while Scabies cause severe allergic reactions.

What are the barriers to preventing STDs?

High failure rates of barriers, lack of proper usage, and refusal to use them.

What are the main prevention strategies for STDs?

Abstinence, monogamy, careful partner selection, and use of barriers.

What is the estimated number of new STD cases in the US each year?

Approximately 12 million new cases of STDs occur each year.

What demographic has the highest incidence of STDs?

22,000 new cases per day are among individuals aged 15-24.

What is the importance of discussing STDs openly?

Open discussions can lead to responsible sexual behavior, reducing STDs and related health issues.