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each red blood cell passes through the heart ________ on its way to the body tissues
deoxygenated blood
blood returning to the heart from the tissues of the body has been depleted of oxygen and must be returned to the lungs to receive a fresh supply
venae cavae
the body’s largest veins; two large veins that return deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
superior vena cava
returns blood from the upper part of the body
inferior vena cava
returns blood from the lower part of the body
pulmonary artery
either of two blood vessels that carry/transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
oxygenated blood
travels back to the heart from the lungs through four pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium and left ventricle, inflating them
pulmonary veins
either of two pairs of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart
aorta
the body’s largest artery, from which all other systemic arteries branch
coronary arteries
two arteries that branch from the base of the aorta to supply blood to the cardiac muscle cells
cardiac veins
system of veins that collect blood from the heart tissues and carry it to the right atrium
coronary sinus
large vein that the cardiac veins carry blood through
cardiac veins
collect the blood from the tissues of the heart and carry it to a larger vein called the coronary sinus, which empties into the right atrium
cardiac muscle
similar in many ways to skeletal muscle; self-stimulating striated muscle tissue found in the heart; pumps blood throughout the body
cardiac muscle
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________ _________ cells are short, branched, and contain only one nucleus
intercalated disks
cells that are connected end to end by special connectors
mitochondria
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cardiac muscle cells lack the fuel and oxygen storage systems of skeletal muscle cells to make room for more _____________ “power plants”
cardiac conduction system
system of special cardiac muscle fibers that generate electrical impulses and distribute them to all parts of the heart; regulates the beating of the heart
sinoatrial node
the master control unit of the heart; source of the electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat; portion of the cardiac conduction system that functions as the heart’s pacemaker; also called S-A node
purkinje fibers
spread through the heart like electrical cables, carrying electrical impulses from the S-A node to all parts of the heart
atrioventricular node
“electrical bridge” between the atria and ventricles that delays the ventricles from beating until they are filled; also called A-V node
pacemaker
when the electrical system of the heart fails, this can be surgically implanted in the heart
cardiologist
a doctor specializing in the heart and its disorders
electrocardiogram
detects the tiny electrical currents in the heart through electrodes taped to the patient’s chest, arms, and legs
systole
contracting and pumping phase of heart action
diastole
relaxing and filling phase of heart action
heartbeat
“lub-dup” sounds produced by the heart during the cardiac cycle
heart murmur
abnormal rushing or blowing heart sound produced by valve damage
autonomic nervous system
transmits signals directly to the sinoatrial node
accelerator nerves
link the heart to the spinal cord
vagus nerves
the tenth pair of cranial nerves
heart attack
a type of heart failure caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscles
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