abeka biology 10 pgs 172-175

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fill in the blank

each red blood cell passes through the heart ________ on its way to the body tissues

deoxygenated blood

blood returning to the heart from the tissues of the body has been depleted of oxygen and must be returned to the lungs to receive a fresh supply

venae cavae

the body’s largest veins; two large veins that return deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

superior vena cava

returns blood from the upper part of the body

inferior vena cava

returns blood from the lower part of the body

pulmonary artery

either of two blood vessels that carry/transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

oxygenated blood

travels back to the heart from the lungs through four pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium and left ventricle, inflating them

pulmonary veins

either of two pairs of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart

aorta

the body’s largest artery, from which all other systemic arteries branch

coronary arteries

two arteries that branch from the base of the aorta to supply blood to the cardiac muscle cells

cardiac veins

system of veins that collect blood from the heart tissues and carry it to the right atrium

coronary sinus

large vein that the cardiac veins carry blood through

cardiac veins

collect the blood from the tissues of the heart and carry it to a larger vein called the coro­nary sinus, which empties into the right atrium

cardiac muscle

similar in many ways to skeletal muscle; self-stimulating striated muscle tissue found in the heart; pumps blood throughout the body

cardiac muscle

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________ _________ cells are short, branched, and contain only one nucleus

intercalated disks

cells that are connected end to end by special connectors

mi­tochondria

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cardiac muscle cells lack the fuel and oxygen storage systems of skeletal muscle cells to make room for more _____________ “power plants”

cardiac conduction system

system of special cardiac muscle fibers that generate electrical impulses and distribute them to all parts of the heart; regulates the beating of the heart

sinoatrial node

the master control unit of the heart; source of the electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat; portion of the cardiac conduction system that functions as the heart’s pacemaker; also called S-A node

purkinje fibers

spread through the heart like electrical cables, carrying electrical impulses from the S-A node to all parts of the heart

atrioventricular node

“electrical bridge” between the atria and ventricles that delays the ventricles from beating until they are filled; also called A-V node

pacemaker

when the electrical system of the heart fails, this can be surgically implanted in the heart

cardiologist

a doctor specializing in the heart and its disorders

electrocardiogram

detects the tiny electrical currents in the heart through electrodes taped to the patient’s chest, arms, and legs

systole

contracting and pumping phase of heart action

diastole

relaxing and filling phase of heart action

heartbeat

“lub-dup” sounds produced by the heart during the cardiac cycle

heart murmur

abnormal rushing or blowing heart sound produced by valve damage

autonomic nervous system

transmits signals directly to the sinoatrial node

accelerator nerves

link the heart to the spinal cord

vagus nerves

the tenth pair of cranial nerves

heart attack

a type of heart failure caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscles