HUMAN MIGRATION AND ITS CAUSES (STILL CHAPTER 2)

Migration

The long-term or permanent relocation of individuals, families, or entire communities from one place to another.

Out-migration

When people leave a place.

In-migration

When people move to a place.

Net-migration

The difference between out-migration and in-migration.

Voluntary Migration

Migration that is done because migrants choose to move, not because they are forced.

Forced Migration

Migration that occurs due to external pressures, such as persecution or natural disasters.

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

Guidelines established by Ernst Ravenstein that describe patterns and trends in migration, such as the tendency for most migration to occur over short distances.

Push Factors

Conditions that drive people away from their current location, such as violence or economic hardship.

Pull Factors

Conditions that attract people to a new location, such as job opportunities or better living conditions.

Chain Migration

A process where migrants from the same family or community follow each other to a new location.

Step-Migration

Migration that occurs in stages, such as moving to a nearby location before relocating to a more distant one.

Refugee

A person who is forced to leave their country due to persecution, conflict, or violence.

Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)

Individuals who are forced to flee their home but remain within their country's borders.

Asylum Seeker

A person who seeks international protection and is awaiting a decision on their refugee status.

Zelinsky Migration Transition Theory

A theory that links migration patterns with stages of demographic transition, suggesting that as countries develop, they attract migrants.

Brain Drain/Gain

The large-scale emigration of individuals with technical skills from one country, leading to a brain gain in the country receiving them.

Remittances

Money that migrants send back to their home country to support family members and contribute to their economy.

The Great Migration

A period between 1915-1970 when Black Americans moved from the Jim Crow South to Northern and Western cities for better opportunities.

Counterurbanization

The net migration from urban to rural areas, often as a reaction to urban issues.