Salmonella

General characteristic of salmonella

Reservoir- GIT of sibclincial excretor animals
Remarkable ability to survive in adverse environment
Gram negative rods (enterobacteriaceae)

What are the two clinical disease characteristics of salmonella

Systemic septicemia (typhoid)
Enteritis

Diagnosis of salmonella species

Lactose negative

What are the types of serovars does salmonella have

Host -specific: most
Host-restricted
Ubiquitous

Transmission of salmonella

Fecal-oral route
Inhalation

Bacterial multiplication of salmonella occurs

Macrophage monocyte lineage

Host-restricted serovars

Primary host w/small number of infections in other species

What causes salmonella in cattle

Salmonella entérica

Carrier state of cattle infected with salmonella

Active carriers
Passive carriers
Latent carriers

Source of salmonella infections in cattle

Vertical transmission
Horizontal transmission
Oral, respiratory, conjunctival

Salmonella serovars that infect cattle

Dublin
Typhimurium

T/F: salmonella in cattle has a worldwide distribution

True

Salmonella entérica in calves

Enteric form
Systemic form

Enteric form of salmonella entérica in calves

Calves of 2-6 week of age
Associated with colostrum deprived or deficient calves
If not treated it may become systemic

S.typhimurium enteric form in calves peak at

3 weeks of age

S.dublin enteric form in calves peak at

4 weeks of age

Clinical signs of salmonella in cattle

Fever
Diarrhea: yellow with or without flecks of blood and mucus
Dullness, anorexia
Rapid dehydration
Death after 5-7 days if not treated

Non-systemic salmonella serovars transmission

Fecal-oral only
High levels of fecal shedding

Pathogenesis of salmonella

M cell adhesion and translocation form lumen to tissue

T/F: calves that survive the systemic form of salmonella become carriers

False - NOT carriers

Clinical signs of systemic form of salmonella in calves

Terminal dry gangrene
Septicemia
Pneumonia
Meningitis

Salmonella in adult cattle

Form healthy carriers to acute signs of infection

Clinical signs salmonella in adult cattle with severe infections

Diarrhea: may contain blood, mucus, necrotic mucosa
Milk production decreases
Fever

Latent carriers of salmonella in adult cattle

Tissue localization

Salmonella in sheep causes

Abortion
Diarrhea

Serovars that cause salmonella infection in sheep

Typhimurium
Abortusovis

T/F: there are lesions on the placenta of an aborted fetus caused by salmonella entérica

False - no lesions

T/F: there is no change in fertility of ewe after abortion caused by salmonella entérica

True

Clinical salmonellosis in pigs

Septicemia caused by host-restricted serovars
Enterocolitis caused by broad host range serovars

Salmonella in pigs is frequently caused by

Salmonella choleraesuis
Salmonella typhimurium
Salmonella derby

Clinical signs of septicemia in pigs caused by clinical salmonellosis

Lethargy
Pyrexia
Respiratory symptoms (coughing)
Diarrhea
Cyanosis of the extremities
Hepatitis, pneumonia
Mortality is high

Septicemia in pigs caused by S. Choleraesuis causes disease in

Young and older animals

T/F: enterocolitis caused by S.typhimurium occurs more in older animals than young animals

False - more in young

What age of pigs get enterocolitis caused by S.typhumirium

6-12 weeks of age

Clinical signs of enterocolitis caused by S.typhimurium

Watery diarrhea
Anorexia
Lethargy
Pyrexia
Mortality is low

Intestinal salmonellosis occurs more in what pig

Piglets

What are the four diseases in poultry that are caused by salmonella species

Para typhoid
Pullorum disease
Fowl thyphoid
Arizpnosis

T/F: salmonella in poultry is non motile

True

Parathyphoid salmonella

Septicemic disease —> high loss in first 2 weeks

T/F: paratyphoid salmonella in poultry is not zoonotic

False - is zoonotic

T/F: paratyphoid salmonella in pigeons is not zoonotic

True

Salmonella enteritidis in poultry transmission

Transovarially

Poultry that survive paratyphoid salmonella become

Subclinical excretors

How do paratyphoid carriers shed the organism

In feces, periodically

T/F: pollorum disease in poultry is a reportable and common disease

False - rare

What is mortality due to in pullorum disease

Septicemia in the 2-3 week of life

Pullorum disease is a disease of

Chicks and poults

Clinical signs of pullorum disease

Typical Granulomatous lesions in stomach, liver and myocardium
Oophoritis (inflammations of an ovary)

Fowl typhoid

Mainly a disease in older animals

What age of birds are affected by fowl typhoid

Adult birds older than 3 weeks of age

What caused fowl typhoid

Salmonella gallinarum

Reportable salmonella diseases in fowl and poultry

Pullorum disease
Fowl thyphoid

What birds are mostly affected by Avian arizonosis

Turkeys

Transmission of avian arizonosis

Vertical- Transovarial
Fecal contaminated environment and feed

Incubation period of salmonella in horses

6 days

Mild form of salmonella in horses

Depression
Fever
Non water fenced
Self-limiting —> 4-5 days

Acute form of salmonella in horses

Severe depression, anorexia, profound neutropenia
Abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea
Can become bacteremic
Untreated —> death

Hyper acute form of salmonella in horses

In foals
Severe general symptoms
Diarrhea
Death due to shock
Arthritis

Salmonella entérica subsp. Entérica serovar abortusequi clinical signs in newborns

Septicemia usually dies

Salmonella entérica subsp. Entérica serovar abortusequi clinical signs in foals

Polyarthritis (7-14days old)

Salmonella entérica subsp. Entérica serovar abortusequi clinical signs in mares

Abortions (7/8th month of pregnancy)
Can be recurrent abortions if infections persists in the uterus

Salmonella entérica subsp. Entérica serovar abortusequi clinical signs in stallions

Testicular lesions (orchitis)

Salmonellosis in dogs and cats

Uncommon
Carriage reported in clinically normal pound dogs

What can salmonellosis cause in dogs and cat

Enteritis
Septicemia

When outbreak of salmonella in dogs and cats occur it is usually associated with

Common source, such as contaminated food or treats

Treatment and control of salmonella

Hygiene
Bio security
Vaccination

How many flagella proteins do most pathogenic salmonella have when serotyping

Two (biphasic)