Chapter 14 Psychological Disorders

Psychopathology

Sickness or disorder of the mind

4 Criteria’s for mental illness

The thoughts deviate from cultural norms, is it maladaptive, is it self destructive, does it cause discomfort and concern to those around you.

Etiology

Factors that contribute to development of disordered thought, emotions and/or behaviors

Diathesis

A stress model that determines that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability (genetic predisposition) coupled with stress.

Biopsychosocial approach

Biology- focuses on brain function, neurotransmitters contribute to disorders. Psych- Thoughts, emotions, personality and learned experiences lead to disorders. Social- Family relation, socioeconomic status, natural disaster, cultural context.

DSM (Diagnostic + Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

A standard tool to sort symptoms into categories of disorders

Comorbidity

many psyc disorder occur together/overlap. Depression +anxiety

Anxiety Disorder

excessive fear in absence of danger s

specific phobia

anxiety disorder marked by fear of an object or situation exaggerated and out of proportion.

Social Anxiety disorder

Fear of being negatively evaluated by others

General anxiety disorder

nearly constant anxiety not associated with an object or situation

Panic disorder

sudden attacks of overwhelming terror and worry about having attack.

What leads to anxiety

Observational learning and watching how others respond around you and the biopsychosocial approach and conditioning.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Frequent intrusive thoughts that create anxiety and compulsive actions that temporarily reduces anxiety. recurrent intrusive and unwanted thoughts

Major Depressive Disorder

Very depressed mood, irritable or loss of interest in pleasuring activities. more or 2 weeks of symptoms.

Persistent Depresssive Disorder

mood disorder mild/moderate negative moods persists for at least 2 years

Cognitive Triad

Aaron Beck, those who experience depression perceive themselves and their situation +future negatively.

Mania

Periods of persistently elevated mood, increased energy, less need for sleep.

Bipolar Disorder 1

Extremely elevated moods (mania) lasting a week

Bipolar 2 disorder

alternating between mildly elevated moods (hypomania) for 4 days into extreme depressed moods for 2 weeks.

Schizophrenia

extreme alteration in thought, perceptions, and/or in consciousness, resulting in a break from reality (psychosis)

5 major Symptoms of Schizophrenia

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech + behavior, negative symptoms

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia

Excess of, or additions to normal behavior; delusions, hallucinations, disordered thoughts.

Negative Symptoms Schizophrenia

less than, or an absence of normal behavior; poor attention, flat-affect, poor speech production and catatonia

Lauren (YouTube video)

coping skills, she listed that she uses are: naming the voices so she can differentiate that they are not her, taking meds, and touching mirrors.

Etiology of schizophrenia

Not well understood today, genetics play a role. a theory suggests abnormality in neurotransmitters.