paper 1 gcse pe keywords

abduction

movement away from the midline of the body

adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

aerobic

exercise with oxygen

aerobic training zone

1. Calculate maximum heart rate (220bpm) minus age. 2. Work at 60 to 80% of maximum heart rate.

agility

ability to move quickly and easily

agonist (prime mover)

Muscle or group responsible for the movement.

Anaerobic

exercise without oxygen

antagonist

acts in opposite direction to agonist, works in antagonistic pairs

articulating bones

Where two or more bones meet to allow movement at a joint

balance

the maintenance of centre of mass over the base of support

systolic pressure

heart is contracting

diastolic pressure

heart is relaxed

cardiac cycle

A complete heartbeat consisting of contraction and relaxation of both atria and both ventricles

cardiac output

heart rate x stroke volume

cardio vascular endurance

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles

Cartilage

strong connective tissue that acts as a buffer between bones

circuit training

Performing a series of exercises, one after the other, with minimal rest

circumduction

circular motion around a joint

coordination

The ability to use two or more body parts together

Continuous training

training without stopping to rest

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)

The pain felt in the muscles the day after exercise.

dorsiflexion

raising the toes towards the tibia

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Oxygen consumption during recovery from exercise that is above resting rate.

extension

increases the angle of a joint

fartlek training

'speed play', training using jogging, sprints and rest intervals

fitness

ability to meet with the demands of the environment

FITT

Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type

flexion

Decreases the angle of a joint

flexibility

the range of movement possible at a joint

Haemoglobin

substance in red blood cells that binds to oxygen

hypertension

high blood pressure

hypertrophy

mechanical advantage

effort arm/resistance arm

plantar flexion

pointing toes down

power

stroke volume

the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat

tendon

muscle to bone

ligament

bone to bone