physio unit 1

Platelets have negatively charged cell membranes and attach to the positively charged surface of a damaged blood vessel. As they attach, they release substances that attract additional platelets and change their membrane charge so even more platelets can attach. This process continues until the damaged area is sealed. What type of feedback loop is this, and why?

Positive feedback

Which structures are superior and lateral to the oral region, posterior/inferior and lateral to the ocular region, and posterior and lateral to the nasal region?

ears

Which statement correctly describes the anatomical relationship between the urinary bladder and the stomach?

The urinary bladder is inferior to the stomach.

Which of the following is not considered extracellular fluid?

The fluid inside cells

Interstitial fluid is the fluid located where?

Between the cells in a tissue

Ginny is six years old and has grown 12 inches during the last year. Her family physician has referred her to a medical imaging center to help diagnose the cause of this abnormally rapid growth. The medical imaging technique LEAST likely to yield the information the doctor needs is

Sonography

All of the following are primarily studies of physiology (as opposed to anatomy) EXCEPT which one?

Identifying the types of tissues present in the walls of the intestinal tract

The word popliteal refers to the

Back of the knee

Which of the following is true regarding the skeletal system?

It provides support and protection

Histologists study groups of cells that work together to perform a particular function. Therefore, histologists focus their attention on the ___level of organization

tissue

If a response enhances the original stimulus, the system is classified as a ___ feedback system?

Positive

Which membrane lines the abdominal cavity?

Peritonium

Which of the following includes all of the others?

Ventral cavity

Choose the anatomical term that best matches the description “hand.”

manual

The body system that distributes oxygen and nutrients to cells and carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells is the

cardiovascular system

Choose the anatomical term that best matches the description “wrist.”

carpal

A feedback system consists of three basic components: a receptor, a control center, and an ______.

effector

Choose the answer that best matches the description or term “eye”

ocular

Generation of body heat (thermogenesis) is a function of the

muscular system

Which of the following structures are considered part of the integumentary system?

hair, skin, nails

An organ is defined as a structure that has a recognizable shape, has specific functions, and is composed of two or more different types of

tissues

Which of the following most correctly describes the relationship between the spine and the lungs?

the spine is medial and posterior to the lungs

All of the following would be considered signs of infection EXCEPT

Dull pain localized in the back of the neck

the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body is known as

metabolism

Which of the following cannot be present if homeostasis is maintained?

disease or disorder

Choose the anatomical term that best matches the description or term “mouth.”

oral

which of the following is not located in the mediastinum?

lungs

choose the answer that best matches the description or term “front of elbow”

antecubital

A plane or section that divides an organ so that you would be looking at a medial surface of the section would be an

sagittal section

Diagnosis of disease usually involves all of the following EXCEPT

preforming an autopsy

The system that plays the major role in regulating the volume and chemical composition of blood, eliminating wastes, and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance is the

urinary system

which of the following correctly lists the levels of organization in decreasing order of complexity

Organism → organ system → organ → tissue → cellular → chemical

the word axillary refers to the

armpit

Which statement most correctly describes the relationship between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura?

The visceral pleura is deep to the parietal pleura

which of the following best describes the endocrine system

it transmits regulatory signals via the release of hormones into the blood

Tom has been lifting weights. As a result of the physical work, his muscle cells have added proteins and become larger. Which of the following terms best describes his increase in size?

growth

Many scientists and physicians devote their lives to understanding how the body works. These researchers are classified as

physiologists

A mid-sagittal plane divides the body into

right and left halves

which of the following would be considered a symptom of disease

nausea

ALL of the following are primarily studies of anatomy (as opposed to physiology) EXCEPT

Describing the process by which nerve impulses are transmitted

the term cephalic refers to the

head

during the process of development of the skeletal system, embryonic cells, known as mesenchyme cells, may develop into either osteoblasts or chondroblasts, which in turn, may develop into osteocytes and chondrocytes. This process if an example of

differentiation

the region of the abdominopelvic cavity that is inferior and medial to the left lumbar region is the

hypogastric region

a plane or section that divides an organ such that you could view an inferior surface of the section of that organ would be a

transverse section

choose the answer that best matches the description or term “ear”

otic

Which statement best describes homeostasis?

The body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

Sweating when body temperature rises

In a feedback system, what component monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends information to the control center?

Receptor

What is the role of the control center in a feedback system?

Receives information and determines the appropriate response

Which component of a feedback system carries out the response directed by the control center?

Effector

In the anatomical position, which statement is correct?

The palms face anteriorly

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between the head and the chest?

The head is superior to the chest

The nose is ______ to the eyes.

Medial

The elbow is ______ to the wrist.

proximal

The sternum is ______ to the heart.

anterior

Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?

midsagittal

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

frontal

which plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?

transverse

Which cavity contains the brain?

cranial

Which cavity contains the spinal cord?

vertebral cavity

Which organ is located within the thoracic cavity?

Heart

Which of the following organs is located within the abdominopelvic cavity?

stomach

Which serous membrane surrounds the lungs?

pleura

Which serous membrane surrounds the heart?

pericardium

Which serous membrane covers many organs within the abdominopelvic cavity?

Peritoneum

Which level of organization comes immediately after the cellular level?

Tissue

Which level of organization consists of groups of similar cells that perform a common function?

Tissue

Which of the following is an example of an organ system?

cardiovascular system

Which term refers to all of the chemical reactions occurring in the body?

metabolism

During development, unspecialized cells become specialized cells with specific structures and functions. What process is this?

differentiation