digestive system bio GCSE

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34 Terms

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Peristalsis
Muscle contraction to move food
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Purpose of villi
Absorb nutrients into blood
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Function of large intestine
absorbs excess water
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Function of small intestine
Absorbing nutrients
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Order from cells to organisms
Cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
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Function of stomach

Produces hydrochloric acid, churns food by pummelling it with muscular walls

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Function of liver
Processing bile to aid in fat digestion, absorbing nutrients, stores glycogen, processing alcohol/drugs
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function of mouth
food broken down by chewing, analayse added
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function of pancreas

Produces enzymes and releases these into the small intestine

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function of oesophagus
uses peristalsis to push food down to stomach
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function of gall bladder
stores bile
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function of small intestine

absorb nutrients into bloodstream, produces enzymes for digestion

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benefits of a large surface area in the small intestine
allows more time and chances for absorption
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how is the small intestine adapted for absorption
villi and microvilli, active transport, large surface area, long, rich blood supply in villi, constant concentration gradient and rate of absorption due to diffusion in villi
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liver cirrhosis
liver cant process the alcohol entering the liver
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types of absorption into the gut
simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport
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describe simple diffusion in the gut
small molecules travel into gut cells and then to the blood by moving from a high to a low concentration
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describe facilitated diffusion in the gut
larger molecules, with the assistance of proteins in the cell surface of gut cells, move from a high to a low concentration
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describe active transport in the gut
molecules in a high concentration in a gut cell/blood pump through the gut membrane using energy
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why does absorption take place in the gut
after food is digested, products are left over and need to be absorbed into blood to be used
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what does the liver do during digestion
produces bile salts, processes glucose and stores excess as glycogen, processes amino acids/fats
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what can occur due to excessive alcohol intake
cirrhosis, ALD
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what is ALD
alcoholic liver disease
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what can happen to cause fatty liver disease
a build up of fat impairing the liver's function
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digestion
breaking down food into smaller soluble molecules
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what liver bile does
helps with the digestion of fats
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what does active transport do in the small intestine
allows nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream
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describe what happens during emulsification of fat
large fat molecules are broken into smaller fat molecules by bile salts
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trypsin
pancreatic enzyme that digests protein
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Examples of tissues

Muscular tissue, glandular tissue, Epithelial tissue

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Enzyme

Biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions

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What digestive systems are used for

Breaks down big molecules so they can be absorbed into the bloodstream

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Why the stomach produces hydrochloric acid

Kills bacteria, gives the right pH for enzymes to work

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Why liver bile it’s important in digestion

Neutralises stomach acid, emulsifies fats