Concordia ED Psych final

Research has shown that the capacity of the working memory is limited to about how many chunks?

5-9

Random assignment is critical in what types of research?

Experimental

Terman's classic study found that children who are gifted tend to be

Larger and stronger as adults than their peers

According to erickson, children's first developmental crisis is resolving initiative vs guilt

False

A correlation is a statistical description indicating the

Direction and strength of a relationship

The zone of proximal development is the area where students may solve a problem

With support

A grade-equivalent score of 8.3 means that a student is capable of performing well in an 8th-grade classroom

False

A student provides an explanation of why water evaporates, but his description leaves out some of the details the teacher provided, while including some new information. Cognitive theorists would attribute this to

Reconstruction

A percentile rank score of 70 means that the student

Scored as well or better

The memory system that initially receives stimuli from the environment is the _____ memory

Sensory

According to Vygotsky, scaffolding represents

External Support

Kathy took the Stanford achievement test on Monday and again on Friday. Her two scores differed by only three points. These results may indicate a good level of what type of reliability?

Test-Retest

The difference in raw scores between a percentile ranks of 40 vs 60 is the same as the difference in raw scores between a percentile rank of 85 v95

False

What part of the brain coordinates and orchestrates skilled movement

Cerebellum

Sue is presented with a moral dilemma and responds that she would act in a certain way to please her parents. The moral reasoning stage reflected is

Conventional

Use of "common sense" approach to teaching is view by educational psychologists as

The main factor that differentiates experts from novices

The process that occurs when remembering certain information is hampered by the presence of other information is called bottoms-up

False

In Piaget's theory, an understanding of object permanence is acquired during what period of development

Sensorimotor

Jeremy's interest in history has been decreasing lately. According to Maslow's theory, what should the teacher do?

Determine whether his deficiency needs are met

Erickson's notion of development crises can be defined as a

Conflict between positive and an unhealthy alternative

A preoperational child's belief that a tall, narrow glass contains more liquid that a short, wide glass is probably due to difficulties in

Decentering

An educational application designed to reduce the impact of the serial-position effect is NOT to

Start a class with seatwork

The number of minority group students in the US has been increasing steadily over the years

True

Removing an aversive stimulus

negative reinforcement

The capacity of long-term memory appears to be unlimited

True

Negative reinforcement introducest an aversive stimulus to decrease the frequency

False

Batta attributes her high achievement in tennis to the amount

Controllable

A standard deviation is a measure of

The spread of scores around the mean

Many researchers believe the academic goals set for children from low socioeconomic

True

The behavioral strategy of reinforcing successive approximations

False

Approximately what percentage of the scores in a normal distribution is higher than one standard deviation above the mean

16

Based on studies of context, in what location would a student be likely to

In an educational psychology classroom

The role of "private speech" in Vygotsky's view

Guide one's activities in solving a problem

The majority of poor children in the schools of the united states are african

False

According to current cognitive theories, information may be lost from long-term

Myelination

Ong-term memory, memories of personal experiences are called

Episodic

Which one of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship

-.78

Long term memory holds information that is currently activated

False

Which one of Erickson's crises would you least likely to encounter in a k-12

Integrity vs despair

For classical conditioning to occur, the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus must be

In a contiguous relationship

As jim looks at his report card, he remarks to judy

Internal, stable, controllable

The concept of self-determination is important influence in what

Humanistic

Fred earned 103 points and frank earned 96

Measurement error can account for the differences

A statistically significant result in experimental research can indicate that the results is

False

Specializations of the two hemispheres of the brain involves

Lateralization

Which of the following concepts is not related to bandura

Vicarious conditioning

According to behavioral theory of motivation, students are motivated

Desire to gain reinforcers for their behavior

According to erickson, the main conflict for adolescents involves the search

False

You are given a math problem to solve. As you try to remember the formula involved

Long-term semantic

Kohlberg measured a person's level of moral development by determining

What reasons the person gives for her/his decision on a moral

A correlation study indicates that teachers' interest in teaching and the amount of the day their students are engaged

As teacher interest increases, engaged time tends to increase

Negative correlations are typically weaker than positive correlations

False

A case study is an investigation of

one person or group over a specific period of time

Each time Robert fails to do his homework

Response cost

Compared to individual ability tests, a major limitation of group ability tests is that group tests

Are less likely to produce an accurate picture of a person's abilities

The validity of this test is relatively strong

There are insufficient data presented to warrant

A consequence is defined by Skinner as a reinforcer

Increases or decreases the frequency

Approximately what percent of the general population

50

The algebra I class mean and standard deviation are 80 and 10

Scored better relative to her class in Biology II

One of the educational implications of sensory memory is that

Attention is necessary

Shaping is an appropriate method

Modeling the desired target behavior

The information processing model of memory involves encoding

True

Woolfolk's position on the issue of labeling exceptional students

Have both positive and negative effects

Piaget's basic block of thinking and memory are

Schemas

The primary difference between implicit and explicit memories is

False

According to Yerkes- Dodson law

True

Criterion-referenced and norm referenced scores

False

A high " expectancy x value" theory

Zero if either expctation

Which one of the following students best illustrates the concept

Michael

On sunday afternoon rick spent a couple of hours picking up discarded

Intrinsic

Researchers generally believe that differences between ethnic groups

Different experiences in and out of school

Kathy frequently makes faces at her class at her classmates

Extinction

The school first becomes a highly important influence during what Ericksonian stage

Industry vs inferiority

What you are thinking right now is being held in what type of memory

Working

Current view about piaget's theory generally support the idea that

Piaget tended to underestimate children's

The two processes involved in adaptation are

assimilation and accommodation

Developmental changes that are genetically programmed are a function of maturation

True

According to piaget, when we try a particular strategy and it does not work, we experience

Disequilibrium

Neurons send messages by releasing chemicals that

True

The amount of measurement error in the score distribution is acceptable

The conclusion in this item's statement is supported by the above data

Token reinforcement systems should be used primarily

In situations where student are not making progress with conventional methods

As Heba and Dina are preparing their joint

Pre-conventional; conventional

Anthony said," I did well because I was lucky."

External-unstable

In a normal distribution, a T-score of 60 is equal to approximately what percentile rank

84

Which one of the following definitions best sescribes "true score"

Obtained raw score minus/plus

Christine can't decide what she wants to pursue when she

Diffusion

Wong's research indicated

Find the results more obvious that originally thought

Tammy received her fourth F in her math class

Learned helpless ness

Externally imposed reward system seem particularly appropriate for students who are

Not interested in the topic

According to the work of Cattell and Horn (1963,1988)

Fluid and crystallized

IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard

A score of 70 or below

When teachers take away privileges for students inappropriate behavior, they are applying

False

Reward to be purchased with earned tokens should be

Varied in price so that all

The theory that defines intelligence as encompassing at least eight seperate

Gardner's theory

Ability is perceived as a stable, uncontrollable trait

True

The way that children resolve the autonomy vs shame and doubt crisis

Confidence in their own idea

According to erickson, if a child fails to resolve a crisis at an early stage

Encounter with resolution of later crisis

Most adults may be able to use formal operational thought in only a few

True

According to uri bronfenbrenner

True

Elaboration for adding meaning to new information

False