ABSC exam 4

discriminative stimulus

stimulus that evokes where every response earns a reinforcer

S-Delta

a stimulus that decreases operant behavior because responding is reliably extinguished in its presence

fixed interval schedule

one where the amount of time that must elapse before a response can earn the reinforcer is the same from one reinforcer to the next 

fixed ratio schedule

one where the number of responses required to produce a reinforcer is the same from one reinforcer to the next

variable interval schedule

one where the amount of time that must elapse before a response can earn the reinforcer is the different from one reinforcer to the next

variable ratio schedule

one where the number of responses required to produce a reinforcer is different from one reinforcer to the next

continuous reinforcement

schedule where every response earns a reinforcer

three-term contingency

the functional relationship between an antecedent, behavior, and its consequences

motivating operation

environmental variable that alters the value of a stimulus as a reinforcer or punisher and also alters the current frequency of behaviors that have been reinforced or punished by that stimulus 

abolishing operation

an environmental and/or biological event that temporarily decreases the value of a specific reinforcer and decreases the probability of behaviors yielding that reinforcer

establishing operation

an environmental and/or biological event that temporarily increases the value of a specific reinforcer and increases the probability of behaviors yielding that reinforcer

preference hierarchy

list of stimuli rank ordered from most to least preferred

tautological fallacy

occurs when an argument attempts to prove a statement by simply restating it, often using synonymous terms or phrases

premack principle

access to a high-probability behavior will function as a reinforcer when made contingent upon a low-probability behavior

deprivation or restriction tends to _____ the value of a reinforcer

increase

unrestricted access or “free” items tend to _______ their value, that is those are _____ events

decreases, abolishing

if eating is a higher probability than reading, which of the following contingencies will work

using reading to reinforce eating

T or F : Ariely et al’s study on sex and motivation revealed that highly aroused men could no longer accurately remember factual information about the dangers of risky sex.

false

T or F : People in low motivational states have difficulty predicting what they will do when highly motivated.

True

schedule of reinforcement

precisely specifies the nature of the contingent relation between a response and a reinforcer

In a cumulative record, the y-axis is the ___________ and the x-axis is the ________

y = cumulative number of responses

x = time

a flat line ona cumulative record means

no responses are occuring during that period of time

in general, the steeper the slope on a cumulative record, the _______ the rate of responses

faster

what schedules are likely to produce pausing after reinforcement

• fixed ratio schedules 

• fixed interval schedules

T or F : variables schedules, fixed or ratio, encourage substantial pausing after reinforcement

false

whcih schedule produces a break-and0run cumulative pattern

fixed ratio schedule

antecedent stimulus

a signal or cue that come before a behavior and influences its occurrence

stimulus class

group of stimuli that share a common characteristic leading to similar behavioral responses

stimulus generalization

 tendency for a learned response to occur not only in the presence of the original, trained stimulus but also in the presence of similar, untrained stimuli

switch cost

refers to the negative impact on performance when transitioning between different tasks

APOPO make use of discrimination training and generalization to teach pouch rats to find what?

landmines and tuberculosis

what are the ABC’s of behavior

A - Antecedent

B - Behavior

C - Consequence

A child is learning names for various things in her world.  She learns to call her puppy a “dog” and she also learns the neighbor’s poodle is a “dog”.  One say she see a squirrel for the first time and says “dog!”.  This would seem to be an example of

stimulus generalization