C1.2.1 - 1.2.6 - Cell Respiration - Bio SL

ATP

adenosins triphosphate is a ribonucleotide consisiting of an adenine base and three phosophate groups attached to a centeral ribose sugar

ATP function

distributes energy within cells → primary source of energy in an organelle

ATP structure

-Three covalently linked phosphate groups that store potential energy in their bonds
-When ATP is hydrolysed to release the outermost phosphate the energy stored in the phosphate bond, it is used by the cell
-Presence of adenine and ribose provide additional sites for attachment to enzyme

Use of ATP is required for

-Biosynthesis
-Active transport
-Movement

Biosynthesis

-Requires ATP hydrolysis
-Anabolic reactions that use ATP to construct molecules from simpler subunits

Active transport

-ATP is required to move material → e.g., digestion

Movement

-Dependent on ATP → contraction of muscle cells involves use of energy → e.g., spindal fibres

Coenzymes

non-protein organic compounds that facilitate enzyme reactions by cycling between a loaded and unloaded form

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