Tracing Democratic Traditions and Principles of Democracy in India

Comprehensive flashcards covering the historical roots, constitutional framework, core principles, types, and contemporary challenges of democracy in India.

What were the early assemblies in ancient India that encouraged collective decisions?

Sabha, Samiti, and Vidhata

What were the early republics in ancient India called?

Ganas and Sanghas

Which specific hymn in the Rig Veda promotes collective thinking, discussion, and unity?

Aikyamatya Sūktam

How were decisions made and leaders chosen in the Bauddha Sanghas?

Members elected leaders and decisions were made through voting.

When was the Constituent Assembly formed to draft the Constitution of India?

1946

What was the exact duration taken to draft the Constitution of India?

2 years, 11 months, 18 days

Which Article of the Constitution of India provides for amendments?

Article 368

What defines the principle of Popular Sovereignty?

The state derives its authority from the people, who are the ultimate source of power.

According to the principle of Universal Adult Franchise, what is the minimum age for a citizen to have the right to vote?

$18$ years or above

What does the Rule of Law ensure regarding the relationship between individuals and the law?

Everyone, including rulers, is subject to the law and no one is above the law.

How many Fundamental Rights are enshrined in the Indian Constitution?

$6$ Rights

Under which Articles can legal action for remedies be taken if Fundamental Rights are violated?

Articles 32 and 226

What are the three organs of government under the Separation of Powers and their functions?

Legislature (makes laws), Executive (implements laws), and Judiciary (interprets laws).

In the multi-party system of India, which Act governs the functioning of political parties?

Representation of the People Act, 1951

What does Article 46 of the Indian Constitution direct the State to protect?

The educational and economic interests of weaker sections, Scheduled Castes (SC), and Scheduled Tribes (ST).

Why is the Media often referred to as the 'Fourth Pillar of Democracy'?

Because it informs people, voices public concerns, and upholds democratic values.

Which country is provided as an example of Direct Democracy?

Switzerland

What is the key difference between Parliamentary and Presidential democracy regarding the Executive?

In Parliamentary democracy, the Executive is part of the legislature; in Presidential democracy, the Executive is independent of the legislature.

Approximately how many voters are there in India, making it the world's largest democracy?

Nearly $100$ crore voters

What is the role of Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) in North-Eastern India?

They are bodies with legislative and judicial powers to preserve tribal customs and heritage.

What is the purpose of the PESA Act, 1996?

It extends Panchayat provisions to Scheduled Areas and empowers the Gram Sabha as the main decision-making body.

What are some of the ongoing challenges to democratic practices identified in India?

Illiteracy, misinformation (fake news), inequality (gender and social), poverty, and regionalism.

Which youth organizations are mentioned as ways for young citizens to develop civic responsibility?

NSS (National Service Scheme) and NCC (National Cadet Corps)