5 - Aerobic Energy

Flashcards covering the phases of the aerobic system, energy system yields, and key physiological concepts for the HSC2113 mid-semester exam.

Aerobic System

The energy system that produces ATP during low and medium intensity exercise or at rest, and is the only system that requires oxygen.

Acetyl-CoA Generation (Phase 1)

The first phase of the aerobic system where Acetyl-CoA is produced from Pyruvate (Carbohydrate), Fatty Acids (Fats), or Amino Acids (Protein).

Krebs Cycle (Phase 2)

The stage that oxidizes Acetyl-CoA and reduces NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FADH (flavin adenine dinucleotide) by loading them with hydrogen ions.

Electron Transport Chain (Phase 3)

The stage where NADH and FADH transfer electrons through a series of pumps to generate energy for ATP synthesis.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The process in the Electron Transport Chain where hydrogen electrons are removed from NADH and FADH to form ATP and Water ($H_2O$).

Oxygen ($O_2$) in Metabolism

Used as the final acceptor of electrons in aerobic metabolism.

Aerobic System By-products

Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$) and Water ($H_2O$).

Aerobic System Yield

$38$ moles of ATP produced from $1$ mole of glucose.

Aerobic System Supply

Approximately $1$ mole of ATP produced per minute.

Glycolytic System Yield

$2$ moles of ATP produced from $1$ mole of glucose.

ATP-PC System Yield

$0.7$ moles of ATP produced from $1$ mole of Phosphocreatine (PC).

Steady State

A temporary set point for a physiological element during exercise that maintains balance while under exercise conditions, such as body temperature plateauing at $38^\circ C$.

Ventilatory Threshold (VT)

The point during exercise where ventilation increases exponentially, typically occurring after a linear increase up to $75\%$ $VO_2max$.

Enzyme

A chemical term for a substance that catalyses reactions in the body.

Terminal Phosphate Bond

The specific bond in an ATP molecule where energy is stored and becomes available when the phosphate is detached.

Sympathetic Stimulation

The nervous system response that serves to speed up the heart.

Aerobic Capacity Field Assessments

Testing protocols such as the Yoyo Intermittent Recovery Test and the Cooper $12$-minute Run.