Nutrition and Diet Therapy - Comprehensive Notes (Ch 1-3)

Nutrition

The science that studies how food nourishes the body.

Nutrients

Substances in food that the body needs to grow, repair itself, and supply energy.

Macronutrients

Nutrients needed in large amounts (carbohydrates, proteins, fats).

Micronutrients

Nutrients needed in smaller amounts (vitamins, minerals).

Water

An essential nutrient that regulates body temperature, transports nutrients, and aids in chemical reactions.

Carbohydrates

The body's primary source of energy, found in sugars, starches, and fiber.

Proteins

Nutrients essential for building and repairing tissues, and for making enzymes and hormones.

Fats

Nutrients that provide concentrated energy, absorb fat-soluble vitamins, and protect organs.

Vitamins

Organic compounds needed in small amounts to regulate body processes and help prevent diseases.

Minerals

Inorganic elements that play crucial roles in bone health, fluid balance, and nerve function.

Simple Carbohydrates

Sugars that are quickly digested and absorbed, providing a rapid source of energy (e.g., glucose, fructose).

Complex Carbohydrates

Starches and fibers that are digested and absorbed more slowly, providing sustained energy (e.g., whole grains, vegetables).

Dietary Fiber

Indigestible plant material that adds bulk to the diet and aids in digestion.

Soluble Fiber

Fiber that dissolves in water, helping to lower blood cholesterol and glucose levels.