Topic 1 - Key Concepts

Name the different parts of a light microscope

Microscope slide

a clear plastic/ glass piece on which you mount your specimen being investigated

Cover slip

a square clear plastic/ glass piece which goes on top of your specimen

Stage

where you clip your microscope slide into place

Eyepiece lens

part of the microscope you look through

Objective lens

these magnify the image and there are different types with different magnification levels

Lamp

this shines light to the specimen so it can be seen more clearly

Coarse/ Fine adjustment knobs

help focus the image so it is clearer

Differences between a light microscope and an electron microscope

Light microscope: used to study living cells, regular use when relatively low magnification and resolution is enough

Electron Microscope: provides higher magnification and higher resolution images, cannot be used to view living cells

Draw a plant cell

Draw an animal cell

Nucleus

Contains dna , controls cell activities

Cell wall

Made of cellulose, keeps cell rigid

Cell membrane

Allows substances in and out of cell

Vacuole

fluid filled sac that stores water

Chloroplasts

Contains chlorophyll which is needed for photosynthesis

Ribosomes

Where proteins are made

mitochondria

Where respiration takes place

Draw a plant cell

Flagellum

tail for moving

Flexible cell wall

Only found on bacteria cell, not made of cellulose

Chromosomal DNA

One long strand of DNA that controls the bacteria

Plasmid DNA

small loops of extra DNA

Sub cellular structure

compartments' where specific processes take place within the cell

Eukaryote

With nucleus

Prokaryote

Without nucleus

Differences between plant, animal and bacterial cell

Plant: eukaryotic (with nucleus), has cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts

Animal: eukaryotic (with nucleus), has NO cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts

Bacteria: prokaryotic (without nucleus) , has cell wall, no vacuole or chloroplasts , has flagellum, chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA

Different between mm and um

1mm (millimeter) = 1000um (micrometer)

Formula for image, actual size and magnification

Total magnification formula

Total magnification = eyepiece lens X objective lens