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How public speaking is similar to everyday’s conversation?

organizing your thoughts logically

telling a story for maximum impact

adapting to listener feedback

How is public speaking different from everyday’s conversation?

Public speaking requires more formal language

public speaking requires a different method of delivery

What are two major steps for developing your introductory speech?

Focus your speech

develop your topic

When organizing your introductory speech, you should divide it into what three sections?

Introducing

body

conclusion

Why is determining the specific purpose such an important early step in speech preparation? Why is it important to include the audience in the specific purpose statement?

Because it helps you focus your speech and make your message clear to the audience

What are the tips for formulating your specific purpose?

Be specific

focus the research

avoid figurative language

What is the difference between the specific purpose and the central idea of a speech?

The specific purpose of a speech outlines the speaker's goals, while the central idea is a clear, short sentence that sums up the main message.

What are four guidelines for an effective central idea ?

1) should be expressed in a full sentence

(2) should not be in the form of a question

(3) should avoid figurative language

(4) should not be vague or overly general.

Demographic audience analysis

Age

Gender

Group membership

Cultural background

What is situational audience analysis? What factors do you need to consider in situational audience analysis?

Audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as size of the audience, the physical setting of the speech, and the disposition of the audience towards the topic, the speaker, and the occasion

Size

Physical setting

How can you get information about an audience?

Audience Analysis Questionnaire

What are three kinds of questions used in questionnaires?

Fixed-alternative questions

Scale questions

Open-ended questions

What are basic patterns of organizing main points in a speech ?

Chronological Order

Spatial Order

Causal Order

Problem-Solution Order

What are the tips for preparing your main points?

Keep main points independent and clearly defined.

Use parallel wording for clarity and consistency.

Balance the time devoted to each main point for effective delivery.

What are kinds of speech connectives? What role does each play in a speech?

Transition - Signals the end of one idea and the “Now that we understand the problem, let’s discuss the beginning of another.

Internal Preview - Indicates what will be covered next in detail.

Internal summary - Recaps what has just been discussed.

Signpost - A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas.

What are the objectives / importance of a speech introduction?

Get the attention and interest of your audience.

Reveal the topic of your speech.

Establish your credibility and goodwill.

Preview the body of the speech.

What methods you can use to get the attention and interest from the audience?

Tell a story

Use visual Aids

Begin with a Quotation

Rhetorical question

What are major functions / importance of speech conclusion?

To let the audience know you are ending the speech.

To reinforce the audience’s understanding of, or commitment to, the central

idea.

What are the guidelines for writing a preparation outline?

the title

specific purpose

central idea

introduction

main points

subpoints

connectives

conclusion

bibliography of a speech

Why is it important to outline your speech?

you make sure that related ideas are together, that your thoughts flow from one to another, and that the structure of your speech is coherent.

What are the methods of speech delivery?

Precise

Rehearsed

Spontaneous

Balanced

What are the elements of good speech delivery?

Good conversation

Directness

Spontaneity

Animation

Vocal

Facial expressiveness

Lively sense of communication

What are the steps you should follow when practicing your speech delivery?

Eye contact

Gestures

What are the types of informative speeches?

Speech about object

Speech about process

Speech about events

Speech about concepts

What methods of organization are used most often in persuasive speech on questions of policy?

Problem-Solution Order

Problem-Cause-Solution Order

Comparative Advantages Order

Monroe's Motivated Sequence