Congress of Vienna to Imperialism

Flashcards covering the Congress of Vienna, Imperialism, and related topics.

Liberalism

Openness to ideas, promotion of individual rights, liberty, democracy, and freedom.

Conservatism

Against revolutions/reforms, support monarchy, tradition, religion, private ownership, and free enterprise.

Imperialism

One country’s influence/dominion of the political, economic, and social life over another.

Congress of Vienna

Meeting of European leaders (Austria, France, Great Britain, Russia) after Napoleon's defeat to restore monarchies and return to a power balance before the revolution.

Policy of Interventionism

States would join together and intervene in any nation that was threatened with revolution or disorder.

Taiping Rebellion

Led by Hong Xiuquan against the Qing Dynasty in China, responding to a failing dynasty and European influence.

Sepoy Rebellion

Indian rebellion in 1857 against the British East India Company due to overtaxation and disrespect of Indian customs.

Direct Rule

Directly ruled by European administrators.

Indirect Rule

Local elites ruled, but policies were heavily influenced/forced by outside powers.

Berlin Conference

International conference organized by Bismarck where European powers established a mandate to govern Africa without African input.

Scramble for Africa

Rapid colonization of Africa by European powers, securing raw materials, expanding markets, and asserting power.

Sphere of Influence

Region of a country where an imperialist power held exclusive investment or specific trading rights.

Opium Wars

Wars between China and Britain caused by the opium trade; China was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing.

Treaty of Nanjing

Treaty that ended the Opium War, forcing China to open ports for British trade and cede authority of Hong Kong.

Indemnity

War debt or penalty; China was forced to pay after the Opium Wars.

Menelik II

Ethiopian leader who unknowingly signed a treaty that Italians used to claim authority; led to the Battle of Adowa.

Battle of Adowa

Total defeat of Italy's army by Ethiopia, leading to Ethiopia's absolute independence.

Liberia

Established by the American Colonization Society as a home for free African Americans.

Belgian Congo

Private colony of King Leopold II of Belgium, known for brutal forced labor for rubber extraction.

Kwame Nkrumah

Led people of Ghana. Formed the Convention People’s Party (CPP) which became a movement of nonviolent incompliance. Inspired by Ghadi! Became president

Meiji Restoration

Restored imperial rule under Emperor Meiji in Japan and led to rapid industrialization and modernization.

Maxim Gun

First recoil-operated machine gun, gave imperial powers an advantage during colonization.

Steamboat/Gunboats

Made it easier for imperialist powers to push into other territories.

Railroads

Allowed for the movement of goods quickly and cheaply.

Telegraph

Made communication easier, empires could control their colonies more easily.