Hemostasis Disorders in Veterinary Medicine: Types, Signs, and Causes

What is the most common inherited coagulation disorder in dogs?

Hemophilia A, caused by Factor VIII deficiency.

What clinical signs may indicate a bleeding disorder?

Superficial petechiae, ecchymotic hemorrhage, epistaxis, melena, and prolonged bleeding.

What are the three types of von Willebrand Disease?

Type 1: Low levels of normal vWF; Type 2: Low levels of abnormal vWF; Type 3: Near absence of vWF.

What can cause thrombocytopenia?

Unknown causes, infectious diseases, or certain medications such as aspirin and acetaminophen.

What is the role of Vitamin K in coagulation?

Vitamin K is required for the synthesis and activation of coagulation Factors 2, 7, 9, and 10.

What are potential causes of Vitamin K deficiency?

Dietary issues, bile duct obstruction, ingestion of rodenticides, or moldy sweet clover.

What tests are used to diagnose coagulation disorders?

PT (Prothrombin Time), aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time), ACT (Activated Clotting Time), and PIVKA (Proteins Induced by Vitamin K Absence).

What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

A serious condition associated with systemic hemorrhages and/or widespread clotting in the small blood vessels, leading to organ damage and bleeding

What are some conditions associated with DIC?

Trauma, septicemia, viruses, parasites, pancreatitis, and toxins.

What is the significance of petechiae in a clinical setting?

Petechiae may signify a coagulation abnormality.

What is the typical age for clinical signs of congenital or acquired defects to appear in animals?

Usually before the animal is 6 months old.

What is the inheritance pattern of Type 1 von Willebrand Disease?

Autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance.

What are common signs of Vitamin K deficiency?

Lethargy, anorexia, dyspnea, ecchymosis, petechia, and hemarthrosis.

What is the primary cause of acquired coagulation disorders?

They may be secondary to another disease process.

Which breeds are commonly affected by von Willebrand Disease?

Dobermans, rabbits, and swine.